Tuesday, July 13, 2021

Marico

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Income Statement


As on( Months ) 1-Mar-0(1) 1-Mar-0(1) 1-Mar-01(1)


Profit / Loss A/C Rs mn %OI Rs mn %OI Rs mn %OI


Net Sales 77.76 8.51 6658.5 .4 651.87 .46


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Operating Income (OI) 7408.7 100.00 66.4 100.00 6548.0 100.00


OPBDIT 817.75 11.04 747.8 11.18 64.88 .54


OPBDT 7. 10.7 701.81 10.4 580.00 8.86


OPBT 58.0 7.86 560.4 8.7 41.1 7.50


Non-Operating Income 8. 0.11 5.50 0.08 8.00 0.1


Extraordinary/Prior Period -0.00 -0.00 -8.8 -0.4 0.00 0.00


Tax 5.50 0.80 4.50 0.65 4.00 0.66


Profit after tax(PAT) 50.81 7.17 4.5 7.7 456.1 6.7


Cash Profit 748.80 10.11 64.81 10.8 545.01 8.


Dividend-Equity 17.75 1.86 0.00 .0 145.00 .1


Balance Sheet


As on 1-Mar-0 1-Mar-0 1-Mar-01


Assets Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT


Gross Block 144.7 47.5 1.46 5.41 65.88 46.1


Net Block 84.70 .71 84.70 5.81 66.08 .00


Capital WIP 11.7 4. 54.6 .4 80.5 .85


Investments 64.01 .5 8.6 0.7 8.6 0.41


Inventory 888.64 1. 81.0 4.81 67.55 .6


Receivables 5.5 8.8 1.64 1. 4.01 0.


Other Current Assets 671.45 .64 6.5 14. 1.06 10.14


Balance Sheet Total(BT) 840.10 100.00 5.4 100.00 00. 100.00


Liabilities Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT


Equity Share Capital 0.00 10.1 145.00 6.16 145.00 6.


Reserves 110.85 46.16 105.77 55.48 104.87 4.


Total Debt .6 1.85 50.47 .14 6.8 1.74


Creditors and Acceptances 60.65 1.5 58.4 5.04 66.5 .0


Other current liab/prov. 4.4 8.5 6.01 11.18 16.0 .8


Balance Sheet Total(BT) 840.10 100.00 5.4 100.00 00. 100.00Latest Quarterly/Halfyearly Detailed Quarterly


As On(Months) 0-Jun-00() 0-Jun-00() % Change


Sales of Products/Services 01.60 1755.70 15.71


Other Income 5.70 5.00 14.00


Total Income 07.0 1760.70 15.71


Total Expenses 180.70 1560.10 17.5


Stock Adjustments 0.00 0.00 --


OPBDIT 06.60 00.6 .


interest 4.0 4.60 -6.5


Depreciation 6.80 6.0 -6.17


Extraordinary Items 0.00 0.00 --


Prior Period Adjustments 0.00 0.00 --


Provision for Tax 7.0 .70 -8.08


After Tax Profit 148.0 10.00 14.00


Equity Capital 0.00 145.00 100.00


Reserves 0.00 0.00 --


Notes to Accounts Click here Click here


Ratio Analysis


As on 1-Mar-0 1-Mar-0 1-Mar-01


OPBIT/Prod.cap.empl.(%) 7.6 4.4 47.8


PBIT/Cap. Employed (%) .48 40.0 47.54


PAT/Networth (%) .16 4.00 8.8


Tax/PBT (%) 10.08 8.10 8.61


Total Debt/Networth (x) 0.5 0.0 0.0


Long Term Debt/Networth (x) 0.00 0.0 0.0


PBDIT/Finance Charges (x) 44.61 15.7 14.10


Current Ratio (x) .14 1.70 1.54


RM Inventory (days consumption) 5. 48.8 46.07


FG inventory (days cost of sales) 15.5 1.15 14.88


Receivables (days gross sales) 1.5 15. .65


Creditors (days cost of sales) .4 6.18 41.6


Op. curr. assets (days OI) 77.00 7.00 74.00


Share Statistics


As on 1-Mar-0 1-Mar-0 1-Mar-01


EPS (Rs.) 18.0 4.0 1.47


CFPS (Rs.) 5.8 47. 7.5


Book Value (Rs.) 55.0 100.05 81.


DPS (Rs.) 4.75 14.00 10.00


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· The Hindu · Business Line · The Sportstar · Frontline · The Hindu eBooks Investment World - StocksMarkets - RecommendationMarico Industries Hold Aarati Krishnan A COMBINATION of events has made the March 00 quarter a taxing period for Marico Industries. After managing a 17 per cent growth in its net profits and a 1 per cent growth in net sales in the first nine months of 00-0, Maricos growth numbers have slowed appreciably in the final quarter of 00-0, to a 5.6 per cent growth in sales. Net profits for the quarter fell from Rs 15.4 crore to Rs 15.1 crore. But this is not a bad showing from Marico, considering a couple of points. Net profits would have actually registered growth and not a decline, but for a sharp hike in Maricos advertising and promotional (A&P) expenses from Rs .7 crore to Rs 14.8 crore for the quarter. Though raw material costs continued to head upwards during the quarter, operating profit margins remained at previous years levels, excluding the A&P spend. Full year Low realisations The insipid last quarter has weighed on Maricos financials for the fiscal 00-0. For the full year, Marico posted a growth of 11. per cent in net sales to Rs 78. crore. Net profits for the year grew 7.7 per cent, from Rs 4. crore to Rs 5.1 crore. The double-digit sales growth, in a tough year, is explained by two factors. One, categories such as hair oils (0 per cent volume growth), exports (4 per cent growth) registered robust volume growth. Second, even in categories (such as refined sunflower and safflower oil), where volumes have actually shrunk, selling prices have moved up sharply on the back of firmer commodity prices. Gains in hair oils, losses in edible oils During the year, Marico managed to make market share gains in the coconut and hair oil businesses, with the help of existing brand extensions such as Parachute Jasmine and Shanti Amla, and new launches such as Mediker anti-lice oil. The prices of the key raw materials such as copra were up by 0-40 per cent in relation to last year. But a foray into value-added oils and price hikes appear to have helped Marico pass on these increases to consumers in the hair oils business without ceding market share. But the edible oil business has been a tougher proposition. As the prices of key inputs spiralled upwards, Marico has been forced to hike prices of its key brands. But, here, price-sensitive consumers have switched to cheaper substitutes. As a result, through 00-0, Maricos market share in the refined oil business, slid from 11.7 per cent to .5 per cent. The shortage of inputs for the safflower oil business further shrunk volumes. Going forward, prospects for the refined oil business could continue to be sedate, especially after the recent decision to impose excise duty on refined oil marketed in consumer packs. But for Marico, this could be compensated by a higher contribution from its recent product launches (Shanti Thanda Tel, Parachute Jasmine, Saffola Nutri-Blend and Saffola Tasty Blend) and its new business forays. In the recent times, Marico has added substantially to its portfolio of businesses by venturing into skin care clinics (Kaya Aesthetics), high-end cosmetics (Sundari Llc) and soya-based foods (Mealmaker). Indeed, product launches is one area where Marico has made steady progress. Revenue from new products rose from around 4 per cent of revenues in 001 to 17 per cent in 00. Giveaways In the three years to 001-0, Marico rewarded shareholders in a slowing market, by stepping up distributions. Dividends rose to Rs.14 per share in 001-0, but have fallen to Rs.4.75 per share in 00-0. The per share dividends appear to have declined mainly due to a 11 bonus on equity shares, and bonus preference shares in the ratio of 11 issued earlier in 00-0. Given the sedate near-term prospects, there appears to be scope for some downside in the stock price over the next one year. Investors can however use a 5-10 per cent decline from current levels to add the stock to their portfolio for the long term. The trades at a price earnings multiple of nine times its 00-0 earnings.


Business Profile


Marico Industries (MIL), a closely held company of the Mariwala family, commenced operations by taking over the consumer products division of Bombay Oil Industries Ltd in 10. Marico `s brand portfolio comprises Parachute, Saffola, Sweekar, Hair & care, Revive,Sil Jam, Oil of Malabar, Shanti and Mediker. Parachute, a leader in the coconut hair oil market with over 50 per cent market share, brings in 8% of the company`s revenues. Effective June 18, MIL receives a fee from Indo-Nissan based on sales of Top Ramen. In 18-, the company was re-organised into businesses as profit centers nature care (Parachute, Hair & Care and Revive), health care (Saffola, Sweekar, Top Ramen and Sil) and international business.


Recent Developments


Shareholders of Marico Industries Ltd today took on record the results of the Postal Ballot conducted by the company.


The resolutions on the following items were declared carried with the requisite majority


1. Amendments to objects clause of Memorandum of Association


. Amendments to Articles of Association


. Reorganisation of Reserves for adjusting written down value of intangible assets.


Marico Industries Ltd has fixed August 1, 00 as the record date for the purpose of issue of bonus shares and payment of first interim dividend. The company proposes to issue one bonus share for every one existing equity share held. Transactions in Marico shares, therefore, will be on cum-bonus basis up to August 1, 00 and ex-bonus basis from August 14, 00. Export contributed .78% to the total turnover during the FY 001-0. Nature care division contributed 55.6% to the total turnover, health care 7.% and balance from others. The share of new products (Parachute Jasmine, Shanti Amla, Saffola Kardi- Corn Blend and Saffola Olive Oil) in the total turnover went up to around 1% of total sales in FY 001-0 as against 6% in FY 000-01.


Marico Industries Ltd has fixed August 1, 00 as the record date for the purpose of issue of bonus shares and payment of first interim dividend. The company proposes to issue one bonus share for every one existing equity share held.


Transactions in Marico shares, therefore, will be on cum-bonus basis up to August 1, 00 and ex-bonus basis from August 14, 00.


Marico in figures


0 October 1


Address - Marico Industries Ltd., Rang Sharda, K.C.Marg, Bandra Reclamation, Bandra (West), Mumbai 400 050.


Unaudited figures


Particulars(figures in Rs crore) Quarter ended 0 June 1 Quarter ended 0 June 18 Year ended 1 March 1


Sales & services 15.06 10. 551.1


Other income 0.7 0. 1.86


Total revenue 15. 10.7 55.08


Total expenditure 16.46 8.17 500.14


Finance charges 0.4 0.75 .71


Gross profit after finance charges but before depreciation and taxation 8.51 10.80 4.


Depreciation 1.4 1.8 5.0


Profit before tax 7.0 .4 44.0


Provision for tax 0.8 1.41 6.5


Profit after tax 6.04 8.01 7.51


Paid up equity share capital 14.50 14.50 14.50


Reserves (there is no revaluation reserve) 106.4


Shareholding in Marico


Category Shares Held % of Total


I. Foreign holdingsII. Govt./govt.-sponsored financial institutionsIII. Bodies corporate (not covered under I & II)IV. Directors and their relativesV. Top 50 shareholders (not covered under I,II,III & IV)VI. Others TOTAL 75001650010888001168015117488586640014500000 15.41.147.518.068.105.76100


companies M A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z


Marico acquires Oil of MalabarK A Anantharam0 October 1Marico Industries Ltd. which already has a stranglehold on the branded coconut oil market, moved a step closer to increasing this grip when it entered into an understanding with West Coast India Ltd to acquire its brand 'Oil of Malabar'. Oil of Malabar, a coconut oil brand, with an all India market share of . per cent, clocked a turnover of over Rs 1 crore for the year ended 1 March 1. It has a national presence and a significant franchise in south India with an 8 per cent market share. The brand has a reach of about 1.6 lakh outlets, of which about 1 lakh are in rural areas.The understanding with West Coast gives Marico rights to all associated business and commercial rights. 'Oil of Malabar' will continue to be distributed, on mutually acceptable terms and conditions, through West Coast's sales and distribution network, which has a strong rural bias.This acquisition comes in the wake of a challenge posed to its leadership by multinational giant Hindustan Lever Ltd, which recently strengthened its presence in this category with its acquisition of the 'Coco Care' brand from Recon Oil Industries. While analysts believe that HLL is not likely to prove an immediate threat to Marico's supremacy, thanks to the huge brand loyalty that its premier brand Parachute enjoys, the organisation and distribution muscle of HLL may just prove dangerous for Marico.Marico currently leads the branded coconut oil market with a share of over 50 per cent through its flagship brand 'Parachute'. This acquisition helps Marico in further consolidating its clout in the coconut oil market.With the sale of these brands, West Coast intends to focus on its other businesses.Ambit Corporate Finance Pte Ltd. acted as advisor for the transaction.


Marico salt rides piggy-back on Saffola


S. Lakshmi Narasimhan


1 January 1


Marico Industries has extended its up-market Saffola brand -- well known in the refined oil segment -- to salt. Saffola salt was launched in November 18 and is priced at Rs.0 for a 1-kilo pack available in a re-usable jar. The product is being launched in select towns of Mumbai, Delhi, Chandigarh, Calcutta and Pune at an introductory price of Rs.0.


The companys pricing is interesting. Compared to this, the price of a 1-kilo plastic pack of Tata salt, the market leader, is Rs. 6. Hindustan Levers Annapurna salt is priced at Rs 6, and DCWs Captain Cook at Rs.7. Will this strategy pay off for Marico? Why should people pay Rs 0 a kilo for a simple thing like salt when other reputed companies are selling the commodity for just a third of that price?


Marico Industries Ltd chief executive officer (health care) Pranab Datta says that the company wants to capitalise on the brand popularity of Saffola oil as a health product and extend it to salt, which doctors advise patients suffering from hypertension or a heart ailment, to cut down.


Maricos reasoning is that since Saffola oil commands a premium of 10 to 15 per cent over other edible oil brands, the company should be able to pull off a similar feat with salt. The rest of the mark-up is supposed to cover the cost of the jar. The company wants to leverage the Saffola brand equity through brand extension to expand its product portfolio, just as it has done with hair oil.


In 17, the company extended its Parachute brand to the value-added hair oil market. In a years time, the product is estimated to have notched up a 10 per cent share in a highly competitive market dominated by heavyweights such as Dabur (Vatika) and Hindustan Lever (Clinic Plus), who command a share of 40 per cent each. Marico seems to have a similar game plan for its salt.


The 5-million tonne Indian salt industry is mainly an unorganised business, and branded salt accounts for only a fifth of the market. The branded salt segment, valued at Rs.500 crore, is growing at around 0 per cent annually. The market leader is Tata Salt, with a share of 0 per cent. Hindustan Levers Annapurna salt and DCWs Captain Cook account for around 15 per cent each.


Marico acquires key brands


Alok Agarwal


5 May 001


Mr Harsh Mariwala, the ebullient chairman and managing director of FMCG major, Marico Industries has finally silenced his critics. His company has completed the process of acquiring brands, which it began a couple of years back, by acquiring two key brands, Parachute and Saffola, from Bombay Oil Industries.


Company sources placed the market value of these two brands at anywhere between Rs. 400-600 crore, given the fact that the two together contribute anything between Rs 65 per cent to 70 per cent to sales. With this acquisition, for which the company has paid Rs 0 crore to Bombay Oil Industries, Marico is now the proud owner of all nine prominent brands and their extensions, which are used by it to sell its products. These are Parachute, Saffola, Sweekar, Hair & Care, Revive, Sil, Oil of Malabar, Mediker and Shanti Amala.


The company will now save Rs crore annually on royalty payments it was making to Bombay Oil, the original owner of the brands and the promoter of Marico Industries. Obviously, this was frowned upon by the analysts who felt that the company was losing value by not owning the brands. Good brands, over a period of time, become an integral part of the consumers' lives and this goes a long way in adding to the brand equity of the product. Though intangible, this equity carries a lot of importance in any valuation process.


Stung by crititcism, the company decided to reverse the situation and began the process of acquiring all its main brands some years ago. This process has now been completed in fiscal 001.


Speaking to domain-b Mr B Ramakrishna, corporate finance manager Marico Industries Ltd. said, The situation was considered bad corporate governance, which has now been corrected.


Marico's brands have, by and large, done well in fiscal 001 managing to hold on to their market share. The company continues to work hard on its brand building exercise through higher advertisement and sales promotion (ASP) spends. In fiscal 001 ASP to sales and services was 1.1 per cent as compared to .1 per cent in fiscal 000. Out of this one-third of spending was on new products/markets. The year saw a 14 per cent volume growth in branded coconut oil business (Parachute and Oil of Malabar) and 7 per cent volume growth in branded refined oil business (Saffola). Its other brand building efforts included few but focussed product launches, product relaunches, product campaigns and innovative packaging propositions with a view to provide greater value to consumers, informed company sources.


During the year the company entered the Rs 70 crore Amla market, with the launch of its ninth brand, Shanti Amla. The product has been launched in the traditional markets of UP, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh to begin with before being rolled out to other states.


Overall fiscal 001 was a good year for Marico, termed as recessionary for FMCG companies. Despite a 1.4 per cent rise in sales & service income at Rs 657. crore, net profit grew 7.71 per cent to Rs 45.6 crore. This was despite a stagnant fourth quarter, which saw the company reporting a 5.08 per cent growth in sales at Rs 178.66 crore and net profit rising by only 6.7 per cent at Rs 10.6 crore.


However the company points out that the growth in turnover value is marginal because of two reasons. One, retail prices of most Marico products were on an average lower than in the previous fiscal and two sales figures excluded those of Marico Bangladesh Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary, unlike in the previous year. In the previous year sales effected in Bangladesh was recorded in Marico Industries Ltd right uptill December 1. According to the company if sales volumes for fiscal 001 are taken at fiscal 000 value and the Bangladesh turnover included, Marico turnover would show a growth of 15 per cent.


Marico Industries is planning to open a chain of skincare and spa saloons called Kaya Skin Clinic in the major metropolises of India.


These clinics will offer a wide range of effective skin treatment customised for Indian skin types in the ambience of a spa. The first Kaya Skin Clinic will open in Mumbai by the end of 00.


Says Marico Industries chairman and managing director Harsh Mariwala "The new venture is an extension based on our strengths in the personal care business. Kaya is an attempt on the part of the company to fill the existing gap in the beauty services business in India."


Every Kaya Skin clinic will offer scientific US Food and Drug Administration-approved unisex dermatological procedures. The target audience for Kaya Skin Clinics would be men and women in the SEC A/B category. With this market segment in mind, Marico aims to exploit the potential of moving up the value chain in the personal care business.


The first Kaya skin clinic will open in Bandra, a posh suburb of Mumbai, and will next move to Delhi and to other parts of the country. Initially, Marico plans to take the ownership route and not the franchisee route for these clinics.


Company officials, while not revealing the amount of investment involved in the venture, say the company will evaluate and crystallise expansion plans based on the experience gathered through the first clinic.


Marico manufactures and markets brands such as Parachute coconut oil, Hair & Care, Shanti Amla, Saffola and Sweekar edible oils, Revive Instant starch and Sil. Marico's latest experiment with skincare saloons may have been inspired by Hindustan Lever's (HLL) activities in beauty salons.


HLL's cosmetic brand Lakme is the market leader in the colour cosmetic market with about 50 per cent share in the Rs 70-crore market. Some time back HLL extended the Lakme brand to beauty salons and is now planning to broaden the range of specialised beauty treatments to consumers. The company also plans to expand the number of Lakme salons to 15 by 00-end from the current 40 plus salons in India.


Lakme Beauty Salons are present in Delhi, Chandigarh, Jullundhar, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Mumbai, Nashik, Goa, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Mysore, Managalore and Coimbatore. HLL has also entered into an alliance with the Taj group of hotels and has set up unisex Lakme salons at some of the Taj's key properties in the country.


Procter & Gamble terminates distribution alliance with Marico


Mohini Bhatnagar


0 November 00


Valsad Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Ltd (PGHH) has terminated its three-year distribution alliance with Marico Industries for its Old Spice, shaving cream, lotion and talcum powder, Pampers diapers and Ariel detergent cake.


At the same time, PGHH announced its decision to license the Old Spice trademark and business to the Goa-based Menezes Cosmetics Pvt Ltd for an undisclosed fee with effect from December 1, 00. Pampers will be distributed by P&GHH and Ariel by P&G Home Products.


The agreement with Menezes Cosmetics covers a period of ten years and is limited to the Old Spice business in India covering after shave lotion, shaving cream and talcum powders under the Old Spice brand, according to the company.


Menezes Cosmetics is part of the year-old CMM Group of Companies, which introduced Old Spice in India in 16 and marketed it till 1.


At present Menezes Cosmetics markets body sprays, aftershave lotions and shaving creams under the XM brand in India. Old Spice is viewed as a strategic fit for the company due to its business focus on the fragrances category.


This move will impact PGHHs sales to the tune of per cent (Rs 16 crore annually) but will not impact its profitability since the estimated license fee revenues are expected to be higher than the profits currently generated by PGHH on the Old Spice business, according to the company.


PGHH intends to focus on its core categories in India, feminine and health care. Old Spice does not fit into the above categories and MCPL will be able to realise the full potential of Old Spice, said Bharat Patel, chairman of PGHH.


P&G has already handed over the marketing and manufacturing licence for an undisclosed fee to Nirma. P&G is not too keen on pumping in the money needed in a competitive market for brands like Camay or Old Spice.


Marico extends its top brands into categories like skincare


Our Corporate Bureau


1 December 00


Mumbai After launching the specialist Kaya skincare clinics in Mumbai recently, Marico Industries is now planning to extend its top brands into categories like skincare, possibly with the intention of pushing the new products at the clinics.


The company has chosen Parachute, Mediker and Shanti Amla brands to extend to other product categories like skincare. According to officials these brands were chosen because they are market leaders with strong brand equity.


For instance, Parachute is the leader in the coconut hair oil market and Shanti Amla has a 1-per cent share of the amla category by volume and enjoys the second-place position to Dabur Amla hair oil. Mediker has a monopoly hold in the anti-lice segment.


Recently Marico extended its anti-lice hair shampoo brand Mediker into anti-lice oil as it felt shampoo was used primarily by those who want a quick and convenient solution to the lice problem. There are others who perceive shampoos to be harsh and don't want to wash their hair too often; for them oil is more appealing. Also, in India, hair oil is seen as an effective solution to hair problems, while shampoo is seen as being harmful.


Mediker is being positioned as a problem-solving brand and may be extended into areas like acne and scar treatment at the Kaya Clinics, say officials. The brand is expected to double its growth rate to 0 per cent by next fiscal.


Marico acquired the Rs 11-crore Mediker brand from Procter &Gamble a few years ago. The company has earmarked an investment of Rs crore till March 004 for the franchise of Mediker brand. Says a company official "Mediker oil will become as big a brand as the shampoo within the first year itself, considering oil is a much bigger market than shampoo."


Parachute, the Rs 00-crore brand, has also been extended to other product categories. The recently launched variant Parachute Jasmine has been a success and has already registered a turnover of Rs crore, according to the company.


Simultaneously, Marico plans to withdraw product variants that do not generate volumes. For instance, it recently withdrew the anti-dandruff oil from Parachute since it did not generate the expected volumes. Marico is also pushing Oil of Malabar, a low-volume brand, acquired from its sister concern Bombay Oil Industries, as a price warrior in the largely unbranded oil market.


Marico's strategy has been on increasing its presence across the entire hair oil and edible oil segments through launching value-added products and through brand and product extensions. At the same time the company has been tackling the unorganised segment through low-cost and small-unit packs.


While the coconut oil market size is estimated at Rs 750 crore, the unorganised segment is estimated at double its size. The company over the past one year has made a lot of progress in the value-added hair oil and problem-solving hair oil segments through Parachute Jasmine and Mediker (for anti-dandruff treatment) mainly because these offer greater margins compared to other segments.


Marico Industries presents Kaya Skin Clinic, the best in skincare


Deepa Thomas


6 February 00


Mumbai The Kaya Skin Clinic at Juhu which offers advanced skincare services, was inaugurated recently by renowned model Mrs World 000 Aditi Govitrikar and Harsh Mariwala, chairman and managing director, Marico Industries. At the launch, the unique product range of Kaya skin solutions was also unveiled. The launch marked the opening of the Kaya Skin Clinics at Bandra and Juhu, boroughs of Mumbai.


Kaya Skin Clinic is a new venture from the Marico Industries stable makers of Parachute, Saffola and Revive. It presents a solution for all skincare needs through a series of unique and personalised treatments that visibly improve the way your skin looks, acts and feels. These advanced skincare services use US Food and Drug Administration-approved, best-in-class technology that are most suited for Indian skin (type IV and V). The skin treatments are offered by highly trained skin practitioners under the supervision of an in-clinic dermatologist in a professional, serene, Zen-like environment.


Each of the unisex procedures is a carefully balanced combination of science and aesthetics designed to substantially improve the skin's overall performance. The services that Kaya offers include laser hair removal, skin polishing and brightening, glycolic and salicilic peels, acne and acne scar reduction, photorejuvenation, microcurrent facial toning, deep wrinkle removal (Botox), fillers (Restylane) etc. Kaya Skin Clinic is the lunchtime, no downtime, hassle-free, friendly way to take care of your skin.


Dr Malavika Kohli, an eminent consulting dermatologist, is a member of the medical advisory board that is guiding this venture. Housed in the Zen-like environment of a spa, the unisex clinic's relaxing beige tones are designed under the artistic guidance of Archana Mariwala and Geeta Raheja to calm and soothe customers. The pampering at Kaya Skin Clinic starts from the moment you walk through the door and begin your journey of discovery. You are greeted by trained skin-practioners dressed in chic uniforms designed by Bhairavi Jaikishen. Sip a refreshing welcome Kaya drink concocted by noted foodie Karen Anand.


Says Harsh Mariwala "The skin treatments offered are highly advanced. Safe cosmetic dermatology treatments that are customised for Indian skin are offered under the guidance of eminent dermatologists. Kaya Skin Clinic is Marico's unique offering for the Indian consumer to provide them with the skin they want."


Source IRIS ( August 00)


Harsh Mariwala, chairman and managing director of Marico Industries (Q, N,C,F) and one of the promoters, has acquired 1,6,000 shares of the personal care player on August 8.


Following the purchase, Mariwala`s total shareholding in Marico Industries stands at ,17,600 shares or .164 per cent of the total share capital.


At the end of the first quarter of current fiscal, Harsh Mariwala`s holding in Marico stood at 4,10,000 shares or 1.41 per cent of the paid-up share capital.


At the BSE at 155 pm, Marico shares were trading higher at Rs 15.00, up Rs 8.40 or 4.07 per cent against its previous close of Rs 06.60.


Source IRIS (1 August 00)


Marico Industries (Q, N,C,F) Ltd expects the new products or businesses to boost the turn-over in the short run, but net profit growth would be slow, revealed the company annual report for the fiscal year 00-0. Marico`s quarterly numbers could face fluctuations arising out of mismatches in the timings of the investment in new products and businesses and earnings of the traditional businesses or products, says the report.


As per the report, `While new products / categories / businesses are expected to shore up top-line in the short run, the positive impact on the bottom line could be felt only with a lag. Marico recognizes that at this crucial juncture in its move up the value chain, excessive focus on short-term financial targets is likely to distract it from the long-term strategic objectives of establishing itself on a firm footing in new businesses.`


In fiscal year 00-04, Marico will be making substantial investments in new businesses such as Kaya and Sundari.


In Q FY0, Marico opened its first `Kaya Skin Clinic` in Mumbai. Marico`s equity contribution in subsidiary, Kaya Aesthetics Limited (KAL) is 76 per cent. The Kaya business is expected to consolidate on the prototype phase learnings from the three clinics that were operational by the end of fiscal year 00-0 and to put up a significantly larger number of clinics all through fiscal 004, within and outside India. The report says,`This gradient of outlet expansion in a nascent business will take up a commensurate share of strategic funding. It is expected that the investment phase will continue for the next few quarters, at least into early fiscal 005.`


In Q4 FY0, Marico (6%) and its affiliate Adil & Associates (7.5%) acquired a 70.5 per cent equity stake in Sundari LLC, the newly formed joint venture between Marico and Shantih LLC. Shantih LLC, which is owned by the founders of SUNDÃRI and a group of private investors, own the remaining .5 per cent. Sundari LLC is a US company owning the SUNDÃRI line of luxury ayurvedic skin care products (00 turnover ~$1 million).


The report says, `Although we expect that the investment phase will continue for the near future, the key imperative during fiscal 004 will be to turn around the business and establish it on a sound basis, which is capable of delivering profits in the years to come.`


Source IRIS (18 July 00)


During the first quarter ended June 0, 00, (Q1FY04), the consumer products business of FMCG major Marico continued to grow at a healthy pace. The business (comprising Marico Industries (Q, N,C,F) and Marico Bangladesh) posted a 14 per cent growth in turnover at Rs 08 crore over Q1FY0. Driven by an 8 per cent volume growth in its high margin portfolio, profit before tax (PBT) grew 1 per cent at Rs 18.0 crore and profit after tax (PAT) was up 18 per cent at Rs 15.0 crore.


New products in the consumer products portfolio continued to grow. On a moving annual basis, they now contribute Rs 145 crore, or 18 per cent of total turnover as against 16 per cent for Q1FY0.


ROCE of the consumer products business was 6 per cent (Q1FY0 per cent). Annualised return on net worth (RONW) during Q1FY0 was at per cent (Q1FY0 6 per cent).


Speaking on the results, Harsh Mariwala, chairman and managing director, said, `We are in an important phase of transformation. The first quarter built upon the achievements of FY0, which was a significant year in Marico`s continuous and proactive journey towards becoming an even higher value-adding company. We will continue to make substantial investments in new products, businesses and territories, while consolidating our flagships. This will help create an enduring business to continuously deliver value to our shareholders.`


Parachute consolidated its domestic market leadership, in both the urban and rural markets. Hair oil volumes grew 18 per cent, strengthening Marico`s second rank. In the anti-lice category, Mediker volumes grew per cent, as the success of Mediker anti-lice oil helped expand the market.


Marico`s refined oils franchise shrunk marginally, as it consciously withdrew focus from low margin oils like soya and safflower, shortages in which continued for most of the quarter. Saffola blends, however, maintained volumes. Sweekar Sunflower Oil volumes grew marginally, despite Marico focusing on protecting margins.


Over the recent past, the number of consumer packs sold every month by Marico in India has grown from .50 crore to 4.60 crore, signaling an increasing consumer reach.


The quarter saw the nurturing of two new businesses Aesthetics Services and Global Ayurvedics carried on in subsidiaries Kaya Aesthetics (Kaya Skin Clinics) and Sundari LLC (Ayurvedic skin care products in the US). The new businesses met the action standards during the quarter. The opening of more clinics expanded the Kaya business. The Sundari business grew in the desired direction, with the implementation of a revised business plan and introduction of new channels like Spa and QVC. Marico`s stake in the combined turnover of the new businesses was Rs 1.0 crore.


As Marico`s successful consumer products business can afford to support the above nascent businesses, significant initiatives for brand building were put in place, which led to a negative bottom-line of Rs 1.70 crore for the new businesses.


As a result, PAT grew 1.1 per cent at Rs 14.81 crore, compared to Rs 1 crore.


In the international consumer products business, turnover rose 4 per cent, led by a growth of nearly 50 per cent in the coconut oil franchise in Bangladesh and hair creams in the Gulf. The coconut oil and premium hair oil offerings improved their market standing in, both, the Gulf and Bangladesh.


Particulars Q1FY04 Q1FY0


Net Sales and Services 0.16 175.57


Other Income 0.57 0.50


Total Revenue 0.7 176.08


Total Expenditure


(Increase)/Decrease in Stock-in-trade 11.7 .7


Consumption of Raw Materials 100.7 70.46


Packing Material Consumed 18.57 16.5


Sub-Total 10. 10.6


Staff Cost .5 8.78


Advertisement & Sales Promotion 14. 14.15


Other Expenditure 7. .40


Total Expenditure 18.08 156.0


Interest 0.4 0.46


Gross Profit after interest but before depreciation & taxation 0. 1.60


Depreciation .68 .6


Profit before Tax 17.54 15.7


Provision for Taxation (Current) .1 1.5


Profit after Tax (Current) 15.5 14.45


Provision for Taxation (Deferred Taxation) net of write back 0.54 1.45


Profit after Tax 14.81 1.00


Earnings Per Share ( EPS) Not Annualised 4.1 4.48


Particulars Q1FY04 Q1FY0


Segment Revenue


Consumer Products 0.16 175.57


Others 0.00 0.00


0.16 175.57


Less Inter Segment revenue 0.00 0.00


Net Sales/Income from operations 0.16 175.57


Segment Result (Profit before Interest and Tax)


Consumer Products 17.8 16.4


Others 0.00 0.00


17.8 16.4


Less Interest 0.4 0.46


Less Other un-allocable expenditure (net of un-allocable income)


Total Profit Before Tax 17.55 15.7


Capital Employed (Segment Assets - Segment Liabilities)


Consumer Products 1.1 .1


Others 1.1 0.00


Add Unallocated Capital Employed 0.00 0.00


1.5 .1


Wipro, Marico set for legal battle over Chandrika


Source IRIS News Digest (0 June 00)


The stage seems set for a legal battle between diversified conglomerate Wipro (Q, N,C,F) and FMCG major Marico over the Chandrika soap brand, reports the Economic Times. Wipro announced that it had reached an agreement with the owners of Chandrika, to market the brand in select states of India. Wipro is excited to be associated with a leading brand like Chandrika and hope that this will lead to a long-term relationship. Acquiring the brand will align with our current strengths in markets like AP, where our Santoor soap is already the market leader with a market share of 17 per cent. Informed sources feel that Wipro may have made the acquisition at Rs 40-45 crore.


Wipro may soon find itself embroiled in a confrontation with Marico, which claims to have signed an MoU (described as a termsheet by the Chandrika family), with the owners of Chandrika. The MoU envisages that the Bangalore-based SV Products, which own the brand, will undertake, contract manufacturing of the soap for Marico.


Client Marico Industries


Product Pouch Coconut Oil


Brand Parachute


Task for the Agency


Create awareness for Parachute Coconut Oil Pouch in towns with less than 0000 population in Tamil Nadu.


Convert loose oil buyers into Parachute pouch customers, by highlighting the advantages of the Parachute brand.


Convince them to pay a small premium for the brand.


Communication Strategy


The Van Campaign aimed exclusively for women and for the first time conducted by women.


Get the women folk out of their homes and participate in a van campaign which usually is dominated by men and children.


Make them stay through the van programme and ensure their active involvement.


Result


According to Marico, substantial increase in sales reported from the campaign areas.


A study by Marico showed a 5% conversion from loose coconut oil usage to Parachute Pouch Pack, Post Van Campaign.


The success of the campaign motivated Marico to repeat the campaign the following year even in towns with 1 lakh + population, with excellent results.


Marico Industries may have got its act together on the revenue front, but the company has lost two senior executives in the space of a few months.


Last week, Arvind Mediratta, Maricos head of marketing, resigned to join consumer durable giant Whirlpool of India as its vice-president (marketing). In March, Maricos chief executive officer of a few months, Jaspal Bajwa, had suddenly quit citing health reasons.


Medirattas departure was all the more surprising considering that he had only recently been promoted as Maricos overall marketing head. He earned his spurs last year by driving a massive restructuring of the marketing department. Mediratta, snagged from Procter & Gamble, had set up systems and processes that helped bring in greater accountability and focus into marketing. As a result, Maricos topline growth improved with new products contributing nearly 17% of the turnover in FY0 (up from about 1% in FY0), reducing the companys dependence on old cash cows - Parachute and Saffola.


Apparently there were personal reasons that influenced Medirattas decision to relocate to the Capital. But theres no denying that his exit will leave a big vacuum in Marico. The news is still under wraps and may eventually be announced to employees this week.


Maricos loss could well be Whirlpools gain. The US major, which has built a Rs 1,00-crore business in India, is struggling to combat the strong challenge from Korean chaebols Samsung and LG. Sources indicate that the two Korean companies continue to invest huge sums in their Indian operations. Their parent entities back home are willing to take huge losses for a while.


Medirattas major challenge would be to shore up the Whirlpool brand to counter the Korean onslaught. As the youngest member of the Whirpool executive committee, his performance will be watched with keen eyes.


Marico cuts procurement costs


When Marico Industries, the Rs 700 crore FMCG company, decided to set up its third manufacturing plant in Pondicherry, it wanted to cut down on outsourcing costs that amounted to Rs 4 crore annually. Hence, the company chose indiamarkets' e-procurement and reverse auction solution, which has helped them reduce the total cost of outsourcing by 0 percent, says Akhtar Pasha


According to Rohan ajila, indiamarkets, which has 4 e-business centres across the country, was the only vendor who could meet Marico's requirements


For over a decade Marico Industries has been manufacturing a variety of products including its flagship Parachute coconut oil. The company's portfolio of nine brands includes Sil jam, Sweekar and Saffola cooking oils. Today Marico has six factories, depots and ,500 distributors spread across India.Marico's e-procurement solution at a glance


Challenges· High procurement cost�Marico used to spend Rs 4 crore annually on outsourcing its business processes. · Dozens of suppliers were involved. · Process efficiencies needed to be improved. SolutionFor the procurement services, indiamarkets has used its Procurement Management Solution to select suppliers. The bidding process was done using Ariba's Dynamic Trade e-business engine for conducting online reverse auctions. indiamarkets' backend infrastructure consists of three IBM Netfinity and three Sun E50 servers. Microsoft's SQL Server 000 is the database being used.Benefits· Marico's Pondicherry plant has been able to reduce outsourcing cost by 0 percent. · The company deals with just three suppliers. · Faster RoI. · Process efficiency has increased.


Costly outsourcing processMarico has two plants at Goa and Kanjikode that manufacture Parachute coconut oil. These plants have three Integrated Ancillary Units (IAU)�each of them catering to outsourcing processes such as blow moulding of oil containers, printing, filling oil containers and despatching the finished products to suppliers across the country. This procedure of outsourcing business processes to suppliers cost the company Rs 4 crore annually.When the requirement for a third plant in Pondicherry came up, Marico decided to do things differently. In September 001, Marico approached indiamarkets for its e-procurement and reverse auction services. indiamarkets' e-commerce services include supplier catalogues, e-procurement and sales and distribution solutions and online and reverse auctions. These services are delivered using the Internet through a nationwide network of e-business centres from where suppliers can access an online marketplace. Rohan Ajila, the CEO of indiamarkets says, "During those times there was no other vendor who could have met Marico's requirements. We operate from 4 offices in locations across the country with 00 procurement specialists who have domain expertise in 0 verticals and a database of 75,000 suppliers."In November 00, the company decided to set up a plant in Pondicherry with three Integrated Ancillary Units located within the plant premises. The idea was to slash outsourcing costs and improve process efficiencies, thereby boosting the bottom line by increasing sales and marketing revenues. Moreover Ajila adds that with all three IAUs within the premises, the company could do away with the existing fragmented structure of the supply chain and help in bringing down transport costs and time. This also helped cut down its list of suppliers. Getting trusted suppliers in a short time was the most challenging task, say Marico officials. Says Ajila "After getting the project our first step was to identify the right kind of suppliers. Marico had given us some parameters for the selection process," says Ajila.Zeroing in on key suppliersIn the first phase, indiamarkets identified thirty-three suppliers from fifteen locations across the country. Ajila says, "All our 4 e-business centres across the country took part in identifying suppliers. We did the selection process using our procurement management service." After the physical validation of suppliers (this process involves conducting interviews with suppliers, making factory visits to check their expertise and infrastructure), indiamarkets, in collaboration with Marico, narrowed it down to ten suppliers. "The entire process of screening the suppliers took 45 days," adds Ajila.Prior to the auction, the participating suppliers were familiarised with the rules and procedures of the bidding mechanism by the indiamarkets team. A team of indiamarkets experts trained the short-listed suppliers on using indiamarkets' reverse auction engine that uses Ariba's 'Dynamic Trade' e-business engine to conduct online reverse auctions. indiamarkets has networked 00 PCs to Dynamic Trade used in the online auction. The back-end database is on Microsoft SQL Server 000. Three IBM Netfinity and three Sun E50 enterprise servers are being used for the e-procurement system.In April 00, Marico's Pondicherry plant went on stream with three IAUs set up by suppliers to cater to the entire process supplying oil containers, labelling of containers and supply to dealers and distributors across the country.PaybackHarsh Mariwala, the CEO of Marico Industries, says, "indiamarkets brought their project management expertise in addition to understanding our business processes, thereby helping us to get this project up and running in five months. The tangible benefits are�we have been to able to reduce total cost of outsourcing by 0 percent in just five months of operations, which otherwise used to cost Rs 4 crore per annum." Without actually travelling to each supplier's premises, Marico has got the best of the lot and that adds to the other benefits of using indiamarkets' solution.Marico today looks to a future without the procurement bottlenecks faced by its competitors. The company is evaluating the pros and cons of adopting a similar system at its existing plants at Goa and Kanjikode that continue to use conventional outsourcing processes.


Please note that this sample paper on Marico is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Marico, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Marico will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, July 9, 2021

Special Songs

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I have two songs that are special to me. One brings me comfort. When I'm feeling a little low, I listen to it and the song makes me want to be myself. The other cheers me up and can change my mood just because it is fun to listen to.


The first song is sung by Jessica Simpson and was written by M. Beckman and A. Bagge. The title of the song is 'Woman In Me.' It states that 'the face that I see is the woman in me, is the woman that I want to be.' It talks about a girl who looks in the mirror and realizes that she doesn't underestimate herself anymore. That can make any girl feel better about herself. When a person loves who they are, they can do whatever they want to do. It doesn't matter what anyone else says or thinks. Sometimes that is just what I need to hear, even though I don't really worry what others think of me.


The second song is sung by the Bee Gees and is also written by them (Maurice, Barry, and Robin that is). Their music is soothing to me. The song is 'Jive Talkin.' It is just a fun song with a good beat that makes me feel good. The song begins with 'It's just your jive talkin' you're telling me lies, yeah. Jive talkin' you wear a disguise. Jive talkin' so misunderstood, yeah. Jive talkin' you're really no good.' I actually do not understand what jive talkin' is but it just has a catchy ring to it. When I hear it, I've got to tap my foot or nod my head. I cannot stay still. I don't know many people who can.


These two songs can make me feel good when I am gloomy or feeling down. The first helps me to feel better about the person that I am. The second brings me out of any bad mood that I am in and makes my good moods even better. Everyone needs something that can help him or her feel good.


Cheap College Papers on Special Songs Please note that this sample paper on Special Songs is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Special Songs, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Special Songs will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, July 8, 2021

Economic

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1. Economic order quantities calculationsIn this case study, I use POQ to calculate Optimal Quantities to Order because some the parts are made by companys plastic-molding machines in an assembly operations and units can be assumed that are received incrementally during production. We also have the following assumptions- Only one item is involved are lead time and lead time variability, reductions of which will results in lower safety stock. She can judge the timing of orders to set a reasonable lead time.


CSWEP Junior Faculty Mentoring Workshops


The Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession is organizing a series of workshops aimed at mentoring junior faculty. The workshops will be held in conjunction with the ASSA meetings starting with San Diego in January 004, and with regional association meetings, starting with the EEA meetings in Washington DC in February 004. Applications for the workshops at the San Diego ASSA meetings are due by October 15, 00. Applications for the workshops at the Washington EEA meetings are due by November 1, 00.


The Journal of Economic Perspectives (JEP) attempts to fill a gap between the general interest press and most other academic economics journals. The journal aims to publish articles that will serve several goals to synthesize and integrate lessons learned from active lines of economic research; to provide economic analysis of public policy issues; to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas among the fields of thinking; to offer readers an accessible source for state-of-the-art economic thinking; to suggest directions for future research; to provide insights and readings for classroom use; and to address issues relating to the economics profession. Articles appearing in the journal are normally solicited by the editors and associate editors. Proposals for topics and authors should be directed to the journal office.


Please note that this sample paper on economic is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on economic, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on economic will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Wednesday, July 7, 2021

Germaine approach to capital spending

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It has always been assumed by the majority of the world population that free markets would cause a virtual collapse of market balance. One night, our Founding Father Alexander Hamilton was awakened as a result of a horrible nightmare. The residue of it left him with the following idea base the new nations financial structure on the predication of personal equanimity, without allowing the government to interfere. The invisible hand of market upkeep would keep everything and everyone moving cheerily, providing comfortable living conditions for the highest possible number of people.


Early the next morning Hamilton got straight to work. There was a lot that needed to be completed in order for such a revolutionary idea to take hold amongst the masses. Selling the theory to the upper classes throughout the colonies would be easy enough. After all, if they are fully in control of their assets and expanding on them it simply translates into more money in their pockets. The decisive problem would be selling this quite revolutionary notion to the lower classes. Because, obviously, they were stupid. Thats why they were called the lower class. There does exist though a deeper reason why it would be a tough sell to them. This is because they would not be paid as much money in a capitalist - type society as their skills - or lack thereof - were not in such high demand. Hamilton was left in quandry. His first idea was to announce a genocide against all the lower classes on the basis that they were inferior but he did not think that it would go over well. Please note that this sample paper on Germaine approach to capital spending is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Germaine approach to capital spending, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Germaine approach to capital spending will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, July 5, 2021

Ebay's success

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EBAY IN 00 THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINED GROWTH.


eBay is the world's online marketplace™. Founded in 15, eBay created a powerful platform for the sale of goods and services by a passionate community of individuals and businesses. On any given day, there are millions of items across thousands of categories for sale on eBay. eBay enables trade on a local, national and international basis with customized sites in markets around the world.


In 15, eBay created the first online person-to-person trading community on the Internet. Today, eBay is the worlds leading e-commerce web site with nearly 4 million items for sale in over 4,000 categories ranging from coins and stamps to toys and antiques. Every day, users around the country and the world list approximately 500,000 items on our site to sell.


Being the worlds leading e-commerce web site poses a great many challenges for eBay. Not the least among them is the daily challenge of protecting our web site from attack, abuse and misuse by hackers, database pirates and pranksters.


Cheap Custom Essays on ebay's success


As you undoubtedly have heard, last week eBay, Yahoo, eTrade, CNN and other well known e-commerce sites were victims of an insidious organized attack that shut down portions of their web sites. At eBay, the principal attack occurred at approximately oclock on February 8th and blocked legitimate access to eBays site for nearly 0 minutes. That attack was followed by a second attack on our site the next day, which we were effectively able to fend off within a few minutes.


Let me explain why these attacks are so serious. This attack fundamentally disrupted business on our nations key e-commerce sites for several days. Although we dont yet know who was behind this attack, it was obviously well planned and aimed directly at leading commercial web sites, such as ours. As we understand the facts, nefarious computer code was serpitiously planted in the computers of unsuspecting individuals and institutions, such as the University of California at Santa Barbara. These computers were then used to launch a sustained attack on leading web sites. The purpose of the attack was to block access to portions of these web sites by bombarding them with a huge volume of what is known as ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) traffic. This attack bombarded eBay with over 1 billion bits per second of bad traffic, nearly double eBays normal incoming traffic. This flood of bad traffic effectively blocked legitimate traffic from reaching our home page.


http//www.upstreamasia.com/clientnews%5Cebay%5C000004.html


eBay is the worlds largest personal online trading community. eBay created a new market efficient one-to-one trading in an auction format on the Web.


Individuals-not big businesses-use eBay to buy and sell items in more than 1,600 categories, including collectibles, antiques, sports memorabilia, computers, toys, Beanie Babies, dolls, figures, coins, stamps, books, magazines, music, pottery, glass, photography, electronics, jewelry, gemstones, and much more. Users can find the unique and the interesting on eBay-everything from chintz china to chairs, teddy bears to trains, and furniture to figurines.


As the leading person-to-person trading site, buyers are compelled to trade on eBay due to the large amount of content available. Similarly, sellers are attracted to eBay to conduct business where there are the most buyers. We provide over two million new auctions, and 50,000 new items every day from which users may choose.


Our Mission


We help people trade practically anything on earth.


eBay was founded with the belief that people are honest and trustworthy. We believe that each of our customers, whether a buyer or a seller, is an individual who deserves to be treated with respect.


We will continue to enhance the online trading experiences of all our constituents-collectors, hobbyists, small dealers, unique item seekers, bargain hunters, opportunistic sellers, and browsers. The growth of the eBay community comes from meeting and exceeding the expectations of these special people.


http//www.giic.org/events/ann5whitmanbio.asp


eBay and AutoTrader.coms Recently Launched co-branded Automobile Site To Feature Services From Saturn, escrow.com, E-LOAN, Dependable Auto Shippers and Hagerty


SAN JOSE, Calif., June 1, 000 - eBay (NASDAQ EBAY; www.ebay.com), the worlds leading person-to-person online trading community, is teaming up with Saturn and its retailers to provide a nationwide automobile inspection service. The new inspection service, to be developed and offered by Saturn, is slated to be part of eBay and AutoTrader.coms recently launched co-branded automobile site, which can be accessed through eBay or www.ebay-autotrader.com. eBay and Saturn plan to implement a program that offers most used vehicle sellers on the eBay and AutoTrader.com co-branded site the opportunity to purchase a comprehensive inspection that millions of potential buyers can view online.


The eBay and AutoTrader.com co-branded site already includes services designed to deliver car buyer peace-of-mind and ease the online transaction process through integrated escrow, finance, insurance options and shipping services from escrow.com, E-LOAN, Dependable Auto Shippers (DAS) and Hagerty Classic Insurance.


The site is expected to include the following features, some available today with others planned to be added in the near future


· A proposed new feature for the site is expert vehicle inspection services from participating Saturn retailers nationwide so that buyers will be able to purchase a vehicle online with even more confidence. Under the program being developed, participating Saturn retailers will inspect used vehicles from most makers and deliver the award-winning customer service the company pioneered in the automobile market.


· Escrow services and transaction management from escrow.com, allowing buyers to view and inspect their purchased automobile before providing payment. With this feature, currently available on the site, buyers can deposit their payment for a vehicle in a secure trust account and, if the buyer is satisfied with the vehicle, they can authorize the release of funds to the seller.


· Competitive financing options from E-LOAN. Providing quotes from five leading national lenders, E-LOANs financing options allow buyers to quickly and easily get a loan to purchase a used car, offering some of the lowest rates in the industry and online approvals. E-LOAN provides financing for buyers who purchase cars from individuals and car dealerships. Now up and running on the site, this is the first time auto financing has been offered as part of person-to-person transactions at eBay.


· Safe, secure and prompt shipping services are currently available from DAS, bringing even more cars within the reach of buyers. Since 154, DAS has been providing affordable vehicle relocation services throughout America and abroad. A leader in the privately owned vehicle relocation market, the company has recently invested over $ million in a state-of-the-art, satellite tracked fleet of transports. DAS delivers affordable shipping for nearly every type of used vehicle and, through its association with specialty carrier Passport, also provides shipping for high-end, exotic and antique cars - helping eBay buyers bring the car of their dreams within easy reach.


· Affordable collector car insurance from Hagerty Classic Insurance. Specializing in classic car insurance for antique and vintage autos, modified and custom cars, and exotic automobiles, Hagerty provides comprehensive coverage at low rates. Available today, classic car buyers on the site can save hundreds of dollars on their insurance by working with a company that understands how classic cars are driven, housed and maintained.


· New automobile search features, including search by make, model, year and location - all delivered in a striking, fun, easy-to-use web page that navigates the car buyers and sellers through the online auction format.


We are constantly striving to enhance transaction safety and convenience on our co-branded site with AutoTrader.com, and are excited about adding Saturn and our other great service providers as part of this effort, said Simon Rothman, vice president and general manager for eBays automobile business. eBay is popularizing the online auction format for everything automotive, giving anyone looking for a used vehicle new levels of control over what they pay and sellers access to eBays vibrant community of active buyers.


eBay launched a dedicated automobile area for collector cars, general used cars, spare parts, and automobilia on its site in August 1, following a groundswell of auto listings from its community members and the companys purchase of Kruse International, the worlds largest collector car auction house. Since then, eBays automobile category has grown exponentially and now accounts for over 5 percent of the value of the merchandise listed on the site. In March 000 the company announced a long-term alliance with AutoTrader.com, to create the Internets largest auction-style marketplace to buy and sell used cars.


About eBay


eBay (www.ebay.com), the worlds personal trading community, pioneered person-to-person online trading. Founded in 15, eBay has developed an efficient and entertaining trading site on the Web that is available 4 hours a day, seven days a week. eBay has more than 1 million registered users. More than 500,000 items are added daily in more than 4,00 categories, including antiques; automotive; books, movies and music; coins and stamps; collectibles; computers; dolls and figures; jewelry and gemstones; photos and electronics; pottery and glass; sports memorabilia; and toys.


About AutoTrader.com


AutoTrader.com (www.autotrader.com), the worlds largest used car marketplace, fundamentally improves the way people buy and sell cars by providing a comprehensive source of credible information and a selection of more than 1.5 million used vehicles for sale. AutoTrader.com is the exclusive online distributor of the automotive listings contained in the Auto Trader® and AutoMart® print magazines published by Trader Publishing Company. These magazines are distributed in more than 16,000 retail outlets with an estimated weekly circulation of .5 million copies. AutoTrader.com is also the exclusive online distributor of used car listings data collected by Manheim Auctions, Inc. and the Dealer Services Group of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (NYSE AUD). AutoTrader.coms investors include Cox Enterprises, Inc., Manheim Auctions, Inc., Landmark Communications, Inc., the Dealer Services Group of Automatic Data Processing, Inc., and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.


About Saturn Corporation


Saturn Corporation entered the automotive market in 10, bringing a new level of customer service to automotive retailing. Saturns first products - the compact SL sedan, SW wagon and SC coupe - featured innovations such as space-frame construction and dent resistant polymer body panels. Saturn recently introduced the worlds first and only three-door coupe, followed in 1 by a new line of mid-size cars, the L-Series. Saturn was created through a unique partnership between General Motors and the UAW. Saturn and its retailers, represented by over 45 facilities, share a strong focus on customer service, a focus that is an integral part of Saturns e-commerce initiatives. For more information on Saturn and its products, please visit www.saturn.com.


Forward Looking Statement


Statements in this press release that relate to future plans, objectives, expectations, performance, events, and the like are forward looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 15 and Securities Exchange Act of 14. Future events, risks, and uncertainties, individually and in the aggregate, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. The factors include but are not limited to timing and costs associated with developing the programs referenced above; user acceptance of the new site and features; speed and success of the development and integration efforts; adoption by Saturn retailers; effects of the YK problem; the Internet in general and the economy; general economic conditions; and other factors discussed in the Forward Looking Information, Risk Factors or Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections included in the companys prospectuses, registration statements on Form S-1, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and annual reports on Form 10-K.


http//www.autotrader.com/about/pressroom/media/pressrelease_detail.jtmpl?article_id=1000&ac_afflt=none


The History


eBay was conceived initially as a result of a conversation between Pierre Omidyar and his wife, an avid Pez™ collector (she currently covets a collection of more than 400 dispensers). She commented to Pierre how great it would be if she were able to collect Pez dispensers and interact with other collectors over the Internet.


As an early Internet enthusiast, Pierre knew that people needed a central location to buy and sell unique items and to meet other users with similar interests. He started eBay to fulfill this need.


Pierre launched eBay on Labor Day in September 15.


Since Yahoo had been attacked the day before, eBay had already started to prepare several countermeasures. When the attack began, we quickly took a number of steps to fight back. Initially, we put in a number of our own fire walls to repel the bad traffic, but the volume of that traffic was so heavy that the fire walls were ineffective. Quickly, we turned to our Internet Service Providers (ISPs), whose lines were bringing this bad traffic to our site. We worked with these providers to develop filtering mechanisms to prevent bad traffic from even reaching our site. Within 0


minutes, the filter effectively stopped the bad traffic and allowed our site to return to normal service, even though the attack itself continued for an additional 0 minutes.


The next day, a similar attack was launched against eBay at about 50 p.m. With our experience from the previous day and with a number of countermeasures already in place, eBay and its ISPs were able to quickly repel this attack without any disruption of eBays services.


Let me be clear, this attack on our site was distinguished not by its sophistication, but by it sheer scale. On an ordinary day on our web site outbound traffic exceeds inbound traffic by a 10-to-1 margin. During this attack we noted that inbound traffic was so heavy that it actually equaled outbound traffic.


Its our view that computer intrusions and attacks on commercial web sites are serious crimes that require a forceful response. Although these crimes are widely viewed within the hacking community as little more than pranks, they are much more serious, as last weeks attacks demonstrate.


Prior to last weeks attacks, eBay had established a close working relationship with the computer crimes squad within the Northern California office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). eBay has long recognized that the best way to combat cyber crime, whether its fraud or hacking, is by working cooperatively with law enforcement. Therefore, last year we established procedures for notifying the FBI in the event of such an attack on our web site. As result of this preparation, we were able to contact the FBI computer intrusion squad during the attack and provide them with information that we expect will assist in their investigation. In the aftermath of the attack, eBay has also been able to provide the FBI with additional leads that have come to our attention.


We believe that this latest attack illustrates the challenge faced by law enforcement in the investigation and prosecution of cyber crime, and the importance of assuring that the Justice Department is adequately funded to meet this challenge. The Internet has become the backbone and lifeblood of the new world economy. And it is imperative that consumers retain the highest degree of confidence in its reliability and security.


Leading high tech companies can work cooperatively together and meet many of the challenges posed by cyber-criminals. But industry alone cant solve the problem without establishing a partnership with law enforcement. An important element in fighting this kind of cyber crime is ensuring that law enforcement both understands the technology, and has the tools it needs to work with private industry in investigating these crimes.


The need for an effective Internet law enforcement presence is particularly important in areas of the country that have a high concentration of high tech companies, such as the Eastern District of Virginia and the Northern District of California. Northern California, for example, has undergone a radical metamorphosis in the last 0 years, and is now home to more than 6,000 high tech companies, many of which are the leading high tech companies in the world. This growth in the high tech industry has been accompanied by a corresponding growth in high tech crimes. These crimes are no less a threat to our economic viability than conventional crimes, and can be much more difficult to investigate and prosecute.


The areas of the country that have a high concentration of high tech companies need resources dedicated to this growing problem. In Northern California, for example, the FBIs computer intrusion squad and the United States Attorneys Office must be adequately staffed to investigate and prosecute high tech-related crime. Such crime is a serious issue. Computer intrusions and attacks have become increasingly frequent, costing companies billions of dollars each year. Other high tech-related crimes, such as theft of trade secrets, sale of counterfeit goods on the Internet and theft of computer and high tech components, also require intervention by law enforcement. According to a 1 Rand Corporation study, theft of high technology components alone costs the industry $5 billion annually. The Justice Department cannot hope to keep up with this volume of work unless specific resources are targeted to provide them with badly needed agents and prosecutors in key high tech regions of the country.


Likewise, it is impossible to effectively combat cyber crime unless law enforcement understands this new medium at least as well as the cyber-criminals do. This requires both a sophisticated level of training, and up-to-date computer equipment. Private industry can play an important role in the training process. For example, eBay already provides regular training to law enforcement agencies to help them understand Internet commerce and the kinds of information available to assist them in finding and gathering evidence of cyber crimes.


While this partnership between industry and law enforcement can play an important role in fighting cyber crime, it cannot substitute for the basic tools that law enforcement must have to be effective ñ agents, prosecutors, and computer equipment.


It is important for this Subcommittee to send a message to cyber criminals throughout the world that the U.S. Government can and will protect e-commerce from criminal activity. But if Congress is to send a credible message that cyber crimes will be investigated and prosecuted vigorously, law enforcement must have the resources to back up that message. We urge you to take this into consideration as you determine the appropriate funding level for these important law enforcement agencies.


Ebay's competitive position in on-line auction sector


"To help practically anyone trade practically anything on earth"


Jay Garcia


5-14-00


Rough Draft


I. Introduction


The number of dot coms seems to be shrinking everyday after an unfathomable number were created only a few years ago. The current dot coms are having trouble attaining enough revenue to break even, so to consider turning a profit is completely out of the question. All this is occurring despite the fact that the Internet can reach more users than any other form of business, yet it seems that almost no one is capable of any success.


One company that is not struggling and is one of the top-grossing companies on the Internet is eBay. EBay is an auction website and its journey from startup company only seven years ago to internet juggernaut today is amazing. eBay has put its loyalty in the user and continually strives to find the next innovation to make its sight better and easier for its user. This concept has paid ten fold and they continue to follow this concept today, which is why they continue to have success and have seen increasing profits since their inception seven years ago by Pierre Omidyar.


The Creation of EBay


EBay was founded in Pierre Omidyars San Jose living room back in September 15. It was from the start meant to be a market place for the sale of goods and services for individuals. Pierre saw eBay as a way to create a person-to-person trading community based on a democratized, efficient market where everyone could have equal access through the same medium, the Internet. He launched the online auction under the name of Auctionwatch at the domain name of www.eBay.com. The name eBay stood for "electronic Bay area," in which Pierre's initial concept was to attract neighbors and other interested San Francisco Bay area residents to the site to buy and sell items of mutual interest. The first auctions charged no fees to either buyers or sellers and contained mostly computer equipment. Pierre's venture generated $1,000 in revenue the first month and an additional $,000 the second.


EBay continued to grow and Pierre knew he couldn't handle this exponential growth alone so he brought in Jeff Skoll. Together the two of them hired techies, customer-support staff, and finance people. They set up their headquarters in San Jose, California.


By 17, the company public, but Pierre didn't feel he could continue to lead his company's sustained growth. He decided Meg Whitman as the company's CEO. At the time Whitman never considered the thought of leaving her current position for a tiny upstart Internet company that allows consumers to determine the price of goods for themselves. On the other end Pierre Omidyar had just convinced the perfect candidate to lead his company into the future and he had no idea what the future would hold, but he knew it would be good.


II. Online Auctions


An action is a method of buying and selling goods to the highest bidder. A seller offers a particular product or service for sale, and the buyer who makes the highest offer for it is considered the auction winner. As the demand for a particular good rises among the buyers, the price also rises. Competition among bidders for a desirable good drives up the price. Sometimes the highest bid will exceed the generally accepted market value of the good, a phenomenon known as the "winners curse."


Online auctions worked in the same way as the traditional auctions, the difference is that the auction process over the Internet rather than at a specific geographic location with buyers and sellers physically present. In 000, there were three categories of online auctions


Business-to-business auctions, which involves such items as computers, used equipment, and surplus merchandise.


Business-to-consumer auction, in which businesses sold goods and services to consumers via the Internet. Many such actions involved companies interested in selling used or discontinued goods, or liquidating unwanted inventory.


Person-to-person auctions, which gives interested sellers and buyers the opportunity to engage in competitive bidding.


Online auction operators could generate revenue in four principal ways


Charging sellers for listing their goods or service.


Charging a commission on all sales.


Selling advertising on their Web sites.


Selling their own new or used merchandise via the online auction format.


Most sites charge sellers either a fee or a commission and sold advertising to companies interested in promoting their goods or services to users of the auction site.


III. EBay's Business Model


Ebay's business model was based on creating and maintaining a person-to-person trading community where buyers and sellers could readily and conveniently exchange information and goods. Ebay's role was to function as value-added facilitator online buyer-seller transactions by providing a supportive infrastructure that enabled buyers and sellers to come together in an efficient and effective manner. Success depended not only on the quality of eBay's infrastructure but also on the quality and quantity of buyers and sellers attract to the site; in management's view, this entailed maintaining a compelling trading environment, a number of trust and safety programs, a cost-effective and convenient trading experience, and strong community affinity. By developing the eBay brand name and increasing customer based, eBay endeavored to attract a suffiencent mnumber of high-quality buyers and sellers necessary to meet the organization's goals. The online auction format meant that eBay carried zero inventory and could operate a marketplace without the need for a traditional sales force.


How EBay Auction Work


EBay made it very simple to buy and sell goods. In order to sell or bid on goods, users first had to register at the site. Once they registered, users select both user name and a password. Noneregistered users are able to view the Web site but are not permitted to bid on any goods or list any items for auction. On the Web site, search engines help customers determine what goods are currently available. When registered users found an item they like, they could choose to enter a bid. EBays bidding system operates as a proxy bid system. This means that you can submit a maximum bid amount and eBays system will act as a proxy bidder in your absence, executing your bid for you and trying to keep the bid price as low as possible. This way you dont have to watch the auction every minute. Users are also able to check their bids at any time and either bid again, if they have been outbid, or increase their maximum bid. EBay also offers a "Buy it Now" method, in which the seller can put a set price for the item, and in turn customer can buy the item right away. Users receive an email notification if they were outbid. Once the auction has ended, the buyer and seller are each notified of the winning bid. The parties to auction would then privately arrange for payment and delivery of the good.


Ebayers are not charged a fee for bidding on items on the site, but sellers were charged an insertion fee and a final value fee. They could also elect to pay additional fees to promote their listing, such as "Featured Item." Final value fees range from $1.5 to 5 percent of the final sale price.


IV. Marketing and Advertising


EBay has used word of mouth advertising to reach most of its users. Towards the end of 001 eBay reached an agreement with AOL Time Warner to place advertisements on the AOL homepage and Disney/GO.com. Other than these two forms of advertising eBay generally doesn't do much more, which allows them to save millions in the advertising budget. They then take this saved money and invest almost all of it marketing to create new innovations that keep it a head of the pack.


One might think that eBay would be hurting itself by not advertising since it was only begun in 15, but as of Jan 1, 00 eBay claimed it had 4. million "confirmed" users as listed in its financial report. Since that report was printed eBay has added 40 to 50 new members a day. These members are making 7 million transactions per quarter with a constant posting of around 5.5 million items. These transactions are projected to amount to between $45 million and $55 million in sales for the first quarter of 00 alone.


How EBay Keeps Users Loyal


EBay is so successful because of it has a large pool of loyal members and this is due eBay's dedication to creating a true sense of community. When eBay was originally created, Pierre Omidyar was trying to create a marketplace where everyone had access to the same information. He wanted the individual to have the power to be the producer as well as the consumer and to this day eBay has stuck very close with this concept.


The first problem to arise that challenged this concept was when users began to have complaints about poor trading by either buyers or sellers. The initial reaction by Pierre Omidyar, back in 15, was that if eBayers really had to gripe, they should do it publicly on the site. Although, he also felt that if traders complain about people they don't like, they should also say something nice about the people they do like. From these two thoughts he created the Feedback Forum, one of eBay's most popular features. The Feedback Forum allowed users to rate each other based on however they felt instead of making eBay be the mediator for all complaints. This worked great, even though Pierre initially felt it would turn into a gripe forum, and traders would get the benefit of knowing how often the trader had traded and how other users felt the transaction was. The Feedback Forum ultimately proved one of eBay and Omidyar's guiding philosophies.


EBay's Other Appeals


To go along with the fact that eBay has created such a strong community base and takes care of all of its users, there are still fundamental human characteristics why eBay has such a loyal fan base. For one, eBay appeals to people's basic sense of fun, because its exciting to check and see if someone has outbid your previous bid, trying to overbid that person again and then waiting for that e-mail to see if you won. EBay also plays on people's gambling side without the risk of losing. A person will only bid on items they what they want for some purpose and that person also knows how much they'll pay. Every time you bid there is a risk that someone may outbid you and you'll continue until you've reached your highest price and then you quit. Up until that point though you're always wondering and hoping and as humans, especially Americans, we love that. Finally eBay is affordable, occasionally someone will find their ultimate treasure way underpriced or priced where they can afford the item and then its that gambling, fun appeal that takes over. Although eBay gets addicting to its users, ultimately they'll never lose because they never pay more than what they feel something is worth and you can't say that about too many things in life.


V. The Innovations


EBay has been consistently ahead of all its competitors with innovations and new technology to increase its member base and also create a better experience for its current members since its creation. EBay is a company that is always looking for the next competitive advantage, because everyone knows once a company has a competitive advantage and everyone copies it, it's not an advantage anymore. The only difference with eBay is that they come up with enough advantages that its competitors don't have time to copy them all.


Personalizing the Website to Each Unique User


EBay's first major innovation was the Feedback Forum, which was mentioned earlier in this paper. Another major innovation was called the "Personal Shopper". The Personal Shopper allows a buyer/user to submit a request for an item and when an item of that type was listed by a seller an e-mail was sent to the buyer/user letting them know of the posting. Also through the Personal Shopper addition a person could search for items available in one's own city, which would allow the buyer to save shipping costs or for larger more expensive items see the item first hand before making a larger bid. This option was an immediate success with the "eBay community."


VI. Strategy


EBays strategy is to build on its leading position in online trading by broadening its trading platform across new product categories and geographies, developing global markets, enhancing features and functionality and fostering customer affinity.


Half.com


EBay has won the auction wars and clearly dominates the sector, the company is turning its attention to developing a generation of Web storefronts--online outlets where new products can be offered at fixed prices that are often heavily discounted. Acquiring Half.com was one of the key moves that allowed them to vault into a fixed-priced business. The goal of eBays merger with Half.com is to combine the best aspects of each site. While eBay is often applauded for its ease-of-use, customers say it is easier to sell products on Half.com. The timing of the integration was moved up in part because of the popularity of both Half.com and eBays Buy It Now feature.


The eBay community benefits from a marketplace combining traditional auction-style trading and Half.coms fixed-price trading. Half.com offers people a fixed-price, online marketplace to buy and sell high quality, new, overstocked, remaindered and used products at discounted prices. Unlike auctions, where the selling price is based on bidding, the seller sets the price for items at Half.com at the time an item is listed. The sites expanding marketplace currently includes books, CDs, movies, video games, computers, consumer electronics, sporting goods and trading cards. The idea for Half.com when realized there were inefficiencies between the supply and demand for used mass-market items. Half.com overcomes these inefficiencies and significantly streamlines the entire process of connecting people to buy and sell over the Internet. Buying at Half.com is similar to the shopping experience at other leading online retailers. Shoppers can easily search for specific items or browse for items that are categorized and surrounded with product descriptions, reviews and artwork. Sellers easily list items for sale by typing in a UPC code, ISBN, or model number, selecting the items condition and setting the sale price. There are no fees to list items on Half.com and like eBay, Half.com generates revenue from transactions completed on its network of Web sites. Half.com receives a 15% fee paid by the seller when the sale item closes. EBay combines the registration information of both sites so that members will use the same user ID and password to log onto either one.


EBay Stores


In a move designed to enhance its revenues and streamline the sales process for users, auction leader eBay created eBay Stores, designed to be customized shopping destinations that will significantly expand the way goods and services are traded on the site. EBay Stores is the next step in eBays evolution, said Meg Whitman, eBays president and CEO. Our sellers should realize increased sales as buyers become familiar with their stores. And our buyers will enjoy the added convenience of quickly being able to browse through the inventory of their favorite sellers.


EBay Stores expands the marketplace for sellers by allowing them to create customized shopping destinations to merchandise their items on eBay. For buyers, eBay Stores represents a convenient way to access sellers goods and services. Buyers who shop at eBay Stores are able to make immediate and multiple-item purchases for fixed-price and auction-style items.


Sellers create their stores using customizable eBay templates, and maintain the stores using eBays management tools or specified store management software. The eBay Stores allow sellers to include logos, customize the categories for their items and choose color schemes. Plus, sellers can customize a company information page, called an about page, and a store policies page in addition to the item listing pages.


Merchants get their eBay Stores listed in one of the categories on the eBay Stores homepage. Shoppers can access them in one of these ways by browsing the eBay Stores categories and then clicking on the stores they like, by clicking on the eBay Stores icon on a sellers feedback page or auction listing or by going directly to a specific eBay Store Web address. Store merchants who list auctions in addition to fixed-price items have an advantage because they can drive traffic to their stores through the auction listings. When users search eBay, the results they get only include auction items. So users who dont visit eBay stores will only see a sellers merchandise if the seller has some auctions.


EBay Professional Services


EBay and eLance Inc. (www.elance.com), the leading professional services marketplace and end-to-end platform for Web-based outsourcing solutions, teamed up for a new eBay specialty site for professional services. The site, called Services for Business, will provide eBay's users with convenient access to cost effective professional services.


The introduction of Services for Business advances eBay's evolution toward becoming the best place in the world to find the largest variety of goods and services. With eLance, the eBay community can now get a wide range of professional services and project work completed through the siteÿeverything from web design, creative services, programming, graphic design and more. Professional Services on eBay serves the fast growing and fragmented small business marketplace by providing a destination on eBay to find professionals and freelancers for all kinds of business needs.


ELance offers buyers the ability to reach an international pool of quality service providersÿfirms and professionalsÿthat will bid to work on projects. Beyond access, eLance also provides online portfolio and credentials review, online collaboration tools, a global billing and payment system, and quality assurance programs to ensure high standards for work that is transacted though the marketplace. With immediate access to a global talent pool, users can find high quality work delivered efficiently and cost effectively, regardless of their location. "The business services marketplace is an important element of our growth strategyÿexpanding the eBay community particularly in the business sector,"said Brian Swette, eBay's chief operating officer. "We chose to work with eLance because they have demonstrated a strong business model for accessing high quality professional services with their technology and fast growing base of users."


The Official Online Car Dealer Label


In January 00 eBay was named the official online car dealer. This is in conjunction with ebaymotors.com that was created through the insistence of the "eBay community". What makes eBaymotors better than the already existing online car dealers is its newly created assurance program designed to protect buyers and sellers money and ensure that the buyer and seller get what they bargained for. EBay created the first site-unseen warranty in the online dealership community. This gives buyers one month or 1,000 miles, whichever comes first, warranty and although this only applies to cars before 1 it's a start and still better than any other warranty available. EBay is also already in the process of extending this warranty plan, but is waiting to see how the initial plan works first. EBay also provides purchase insurance up to $0,000 for $500, but that generally won't happen with the Mobile Vehicle Inspection Service. The Mobile Vehicle Inspection Service is performed by a professional and is listed with the car on the website to allow the buyer to have an unbiased report for a very small fee by either the buyer or seller. Finally, to ensure all payments are paid eBay has joined with Escrow.com to secure down payments and payment-in-full when necessary. All of these things along with the fact that eBaymotors.com had a record 4.78 million visitors in December 001 alone shows it is the undisputed king.


Developing International Markets


As competition increased in the online auction industry, eBay began to seek growth opportunities in international markets in an effort to create a global trading community.


While international buyers and sellers had been trading on eBay for some time, there were no facilities designed especially for the needs of these community members. In entering international markets, eBay considered three options. It could build a new user community from the ground up, acquire a local organization, or from a partnership with a strong local company. In realizing its goals of international growth eBay employed all three strategies. Table 1 shows the list of the international markets of eBay.


In late 18, eBay's initial effort at international expansion into Canada and the United Kingdom relied on building new user communities. The first step in establishing these communities was creating customized home pages for users in those countries. The home pages were designed to provide content and categories locally customized to the needs of users in specific countries, while providing them with access to a global trading community. Local customization in United Kingdom was facilitated through the use of local management, grassroots and online marketing, and participation in local events.


In February 1, eBay partnered with PBL Online, a leading Internet company in Australia, to offer a customized Australian and New Zealand eBay home page. When the site went live, trasactions were denominated in Australian dollars and while buyers could bid on auctions anywhere in the world, they could also search for items located in Australia.


To further expand its global reach, eBay acquired Germany's largest online person-to-person trading site. Ebay' s management handled the transition of service in a manner calculated to be smooth and painless for the users. While the users would have to comply with eBay rules and regulations. The only significant change for the users was that they would have to go to a new URL to transact their business.


To establish an Asian presence, in February 000 eBay formed a joint venture with NEC to launch eBay Japan. According to the new CEO of eBay Japan, Merle Okawara, an internationally renowned executive, NEC was pleased to help eBay in leveraging the tried and trusted eBay business model to provide Japanese consumers with access to a global community of active online buyers and sellers. In customizing the site to needs of Japanese users, eBay wrote content exclusively in Japanese and allowed users to bid in yen.


Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil


Canada France Germany Ireland Italy


Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Singapore


Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan United Kingdom


Table 1. The global sites of eBay.


Blocking Auction Search Engines (Web Crawlers)


EBay has sought to block aggregators such as Web Crawlers from accessing its Web site. The software searches the Internet for the lowest price of a product, among other things, and is widely used by comparison-shopping sites or search engines. In some cases, the searches can be intrusive or even destructive.


Bidders Edge and Auction Watch does not host auctions, they are "Web Crawlers". The "Web Crawlers '" site contained information on more that five million items being auctioned on more than one hundred auction sites. "Web Crawlers" also provides its users with additional auction-related services and information. The information available on the web site is contained in a database of information that "Web Crawlers" compiles through access to various auction sites such as eBay. When a user enters a search for a particular item at Bidders Edge or Auction Watch, it searches its database and generates a list of every item in the database responsive to the search, organized by auction closing date and time. Rather than going to each host auction site one at a time, a user who goes to a "Web Crawlers" site may conduct a single search to obtain information about that item on every auction site


EBay has reached agreements with other companies that list auctions, although it imposes some restrictions on how it is done. Currently eBay is using a software to prevent "Web Crawlers" from connecting to eBay's auction site.


VII. Ebay's Main Competitors


In the broadest sense, eBay competed with classified advertisements in the newspaper, garage sales, flea markets, collectibles shows, and other venues such as local auction houses and liquidators. As eBay's product mix broadened beyond collectibles to include practical household items, office equipment, toys, and so on, the company's competitors broadened to include brick-and-mortar retailers, imports/exports companies, and catalog and mail order companies. Management saw these traditional competitors as inefficient because their fragmented local and regional nature made it expensive and time-consuming for buyers and sellers to meet, exchange information, and complete transactions. Moreover, they suffered from they suffered from three other deficiencies


They tended to offer limited variety and breadth of sections as compared to the millions of items available on eBay.


They often had high transactions costs.


They were information inefficient in the sense that buyers and sellers lacked reliable and convenient means of setting prices for sales or purchases.


Thus, eBay's management saw its online auction format as competitively superior to these rivals because it provides


Facilitated buyers and sellers meeting, exchanging information, and conducting transactions.


Allowed buyers and sellers bypass traditional intermediaries and trade directely, thus lowering costs.


Provided global reach, greater selection, and broader base of participants.


Permitted trading at all hours and provided continuously updated information.


Fostered a sense of community among individuals with mutual interests.


From an e-commerce perspective, Amazon.com, Yahoo Auctions, and Ubid.com had emerged as eBay's main competitors. But FairMarkets, AucitonWatch, GO Network Auctions, and Auctions.com were beginning to make market inroads and contribute to erosion of eBay's share of the online auction business. Moreover, the prospects of attractive profitability and low barriers to entry were stimulation more firms to enter competition in the online auction industry as revolving around 10 factors the volume and selections of goods, the population of buyers and sellers, community interaction, customer service, reliability of delivery and payment by users, brand image, Web site construction, fees and prices, and quality of search tools.


How eBay's Auction Site Compared to Rivals


Auction sites varied in a number of features such as; site design and ease of use, the range of items up for auction, number of simultaneous auctions, duration of the bidding process and fees. Gomez Advisors, a company designed to help Internet users select which online enterprises to do business with, had developed rankings for the leading online auction sites as a basis for recommending which sites were best for bargain hunters, hobbyist/collectors, and sellers. Table shows the winter 1 Gomez ratings of online auction competitors. Table provides selected statistics for the leading competitors in the online auction market.


Rating Based on Site Characteristics (Rating scale; 0 = Lowest; 10 = Highest)


Auction Site Ease of Usea Customer Confidenceb On-Site Resourcesc Relationship Servicesd Overall Score


Ebay .07 6. 8.4 8.4 7.7


Amazon.com .05 8.4 7.0 6.17 7.67


Yahoo! Auction 8.6 6.1 4.18 8.6 7.11


GO Network Auctions .14 7.44 6.4 5.8 7


FairMarket Network 7.7 6.8 6.7 5.17 6.4


Auctions.com 8. 6.78 5.5 5.1 6.41


Source Gomez Advisors, www.gomez.com, Winter 1.


Table . Comparative Gomez Advisors' ratings of leading online auction sites.


aBased on such factors as screen layout, tightly integrated content, functionality, useful demos and the extensiveness of online help.


bInludes the reliability and security of the online auction site, knowledgeable and accessible customer service and quality guarantees.


cBase on the range of products, services and information offered, information look-up tools and transactions data.


dBased on personalization of options, programs and perks that build a sense of community and customer loyalty to the site.


eBay Yahoo! Auctions Amazon.com


Number of items listed for auction .8 million 1. million 415,00


Percentage of listed auctions 65% 14% 11%


Average numer of bids per item .0 0.5 0.


Average selling prices for completed auctions $65.1 $1.0 $5.77


Source Taken from "Internet eBay Crushing the Competition," Individual Investor, January 1, 000.


Table . Statistics for the leading competitor in the online auction market.


Table 4 shows the top auction sites ranked by revenue shares in May 001. It reveals just how much of a lead eBay has. Ebay can be seen on top of the list by having the revenue share of 64.%, then followed by uBid.com with 14.7%, Onsale.com with 4%, Yahoo! Auctions with .4% and Amazon Auction with %.


Top Auction Sites Ranked by Revenue Share, May 001 (U.S.)


Auction Site Revenue Share Satisfaction Rate Conversion Rate


eBay.com 64.0% 8.4 .50%


uBid.com 14.70% 7.87 11.00%


Egghead.com (Onsale.com) 4.00% 7.75 8.00%


Yahoo! Auctions .40% 7.84 4.40%


Amazon Auctions .00% 7.64 6.50%


Source "Silicon Valley" http//siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article/0,18,51_7801,00.html


Table 4. Shows the revenue share, satisfaction rate, and conversion rate of the top auction sites.


EBay has done an excellent job converting a very high percentage of their shoppers into buyers and keeping customers extremely satisfied at the same time. This has enabled them to dominate the online auction category with four times more revenue than their next closest competitor.


VIII. Recent Inside eBay's Financial Numbers


Based on the company's most recent performance, eBay now believes that net revenues for second quarter 00 will range between $60 and $65 million, bringing its first half 00 net revenue guidance to between $505 and $510 million, representing the high end of previous guidance. EBay also believes that second quarter 00 pro forma earnings per diluted share will approximate $0.17, bringing its first half 00 guidance to approximately $0.5. This earnings level represents an increase of $0.0 to $0.04 from the company's previous guidance of $0.1 to $0. per diluted share.


EBay now believes that net revenues for second quarter 00 will range between $60 and $65 million, bringing its first half 00 net revenue guidance to between $505 and $510 million, representing the high end of previous guidance. This net revenue outlook reflects the company's expectation that a sequential decrease in advertising revenues will be fully offset by higher than previously anticipated transaction revenues, from both the U.S. and international markets.


The company remains committed to making important strategic investments to build its marketplace for the long term. In Q-0, eBay will increase marketing expenditures both domestically and internationally and continue to roll out its next-generation technology infrastructure.


For the full year 00, eBay expects that net revenues will approximate $1.1 billion, representing the high end of its previous guidance of $1.05 billion to $1.1 billion. On the bottom line, eBay now believes that pro forma earnings per diluted share could range between $0.7 and $0.75, reflecting a $0.0 to $0.04 increase from previous guidance.


Source Ebay Annual report (http//www.shareholder.com/ebay/annual.cfm).


Table 5. Ebay's financial results during in December 1, 001 and March 1, 00.


IX. The Future of EBay


EBay has become an online middleman for buyers and sellers in a way which traditional brick and mortar companies cannot touch. Using the web has also brought along with it some challenges, especially regarding trust issues between buyers and sellers.


EBay seems to have dealt adequately with those trust issues, since users dont seem to mind and continue to use their service. EBay is operationally sound, especially considering it is still in its buildup period and it has a business model that scales extremely well. The management has shown that it responds quickly and well, and has been working hard to expand the business without jeopardizing the core business.


EBay has seen constant growth since its inception and to continue this trend it will need to continually find new ways to acquire more users and keep the current users making transactions. In the near future eBay will try to make its most recent innovations ebaymotors.com and allowing corporations to place items on its website more efficient, all while coming up with new and more innovative ideas.


EBay is also investing lots of time and effort by expanding to twenty different international markets. These investments have already paid off with 1 of those 0 international markets becoming the number one auction site in their respective market.


X. Conclusion


Pierre Omidyar had no idea what would result from his small online auction creation to help his wife with Pez trading in 15. The result is that eBay has seen increasing revenues since its creation because of the original solid framework set up by Pierre Omidyar.


Pierre Omidyar's ability to manage as well as get help when needed, such as letting Meg Whitman take over as CEO and hiring Jeff Skoll has allowed the company to continuously grow. This ability to manage ultimately assisted in taking eBay's listing price of $18 to $47 in one day making him and everyone else in the company rich.


Word of mouth advertising and one small joint agreement has allowed eBay to avoid the huge costs of advertising. EBay has avoided its own advertising costs while grossing some of the most advertising money among internet firms by placing small icons for other companies on their website.


EBay's idea to make its members part of a community has paid off substantially with the community currently standing at a strong 44 million users and growing every day. EBay has fought off its auction competitors by creating new and unique options for its users such as ebaymotors.com, personal shopper, and buy it now just to name a few.


EBay has nothing to hold it back from growing in the future with its ability to generate ideas and its constant expansion. It seems that only eBay has the ability to stop eBay.


Recommendations


EBay needs to continue to follow the solid foundation created by Pierre Omidyar to keep the users number one, because eBay has no products and without the users or "community" they will have nothing.


The growth of eBay is amazing to say the least, but it needs to be careful not to grow too quickly too fast. The company has handled itself well so far, but if it grows too fast it could overwhelm its systems with users or items and cause down time. If this occurs too often the company could see a major drop in users.


EBay needs to capitalize on its new innovations especially ebaymotors.com. They know it is a winner because of its popularity and they should not take that lightly and continue to improve. EBay should also continue to improve all its other innovations, because once another auction site copies their idea its not a competitive advantage any longer.


EBay needs to be continue to come up with new ways to increase its amount of users and get its current members to trade more. EBay 's competitors are lagging behind, but it only takes a little misstep before they step in and try to take over their territory.


The international markets eBay has expanded have succeeded instantly and eBay should make sure that it continues to invest in these international ventures. EBay should also try to link these international ventures together to create a more diverse trading atmosphere, but that also needs to be taken with precaution due to transportation of items and differences in currency.


http//people.ucsc.edu/~jgarcia/ecomm/ebayTermPaper.doc


ebays success Please note that this sample paper on ebay's success is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ebay's success, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on ebay's success will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, July 1, 2021

Bil Clinton's visit in Bulgaria (1999)

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Bil Clinton`s visit


The day of November 1 would be remembered by Bulgarian nation.


The president of USA accepted the invitation of Petyr Stioanov and visited Bulgaria last week.


Although Clinton was invited here about years ago he decided to come to Bulgaria not till last week. My personal opinion is that he came to say THANKS to Bulgaria, who took a part in Kosovo's war by offering an air bridge. He came to say THANKS to the Bulgarian president, politics, military and other who helped to be killed a great number of innocent people. I think it's really improper and stupid.


Any way the advantage of Clinton's visit is really important, because a great force as USA paid attention to a small and poor country as Bulgaria. It's the first visit to Bulgaria made by an American president. The politic talked about the future of Bulgaria in public. The president talked about the real opportunities of Bulgaria to become one of the leading countries on the Europe.


In his speech the president mentioned about an eventual join in NATO. The army would be modernized. Our country would receive many subsidies - many countries would help it and the economics would be stabilized.


The future of our country depends on her join to The European Union as well. �his would leaded to progress in the trade, manufacturing and would facilitated life in Bulgaria.In his speech the president mentioned about an eventual join in NATO. The army would be modernized. Our country would receive many subsidies - many countries would help it and the economics would be stabilized.


The future of our country depends on her join to The European Union as well. �his would leaded to progress in the trade, manufacturing and would facilitated life in Bulgaria.


Please note that this sample paper on Bil Clinton's visit in Bulgaria (1999) is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Bil Clinton's visit in Bulgaria (1999), we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Bil Clinton's visit in Bulgaria (1999) will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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