Thursday, December 12, 2019

Good teacher

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I havDriver's Ed


By Caroline B. Cooney


The book I read is called Driver's Ed. It is about a girl named Remy, her friend Lark, and her other friend Morgan. The first 5 pages of the book start off by describing Remy's family, which includes her mom, dad, younger brother Mac, and younger brother Henry. Then it talks about Morgan's family. It consists of his mom, dad, and little sister Starr. His dad is going to run for governor, and it pretty much says how perfect his family and life is. It also lets you know that Remy has a crush on Morgan, and Morgan has a crush on Remy.


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Anyway, in this class, the teacher has a lot of trouble with names. He announces three names to go drive, and Remy, Lark, and Morgan drive most of the time. He calls out Remy, Christine, and Morgan. Lark then switches with Christine. Remy is driving, and she accidentally drives over the median and leaves some of the muffler behind. Then Lark drives and runs a red light. It doesn't let you know how Morgan did, but when they get back from driving, they get an idea that they should all steal road signs for their room.


In the next 5 pages, Remy, Lark, and Morgan plan to go out to steal their signs. Lark is sick though, so she doesn't go. None of them have their licenses, so Nicky Buddy drives. He is one year older than all of them, and he lives by Morgan so he is friends with him. Remy decides that she want a Morgan Road sign, they get a Thickly Settled sign for Lark, and Morgan takes a Stop sign. Also, Remy and Morgan kiss when they are in the car. When Remy comes home, Mac starts to question her and she has to hide the Morgan Road sign in the bushes to make sure that Mac doesn't tell their mom what she did.


In the next 5 pages, Morgan begins to think about the fact that he is going out with Remy now. He is worried about what is going to happen in school the next day. In concert choir, he doesn't even look at her, or talk to her. He just focuses on points on the wall, or on the floor. Then at home, Remy's mom finds out that she is going out with Morgan, and she gives her approval of him. Then it's the next day in Driver's Ed, and Remy, Lark, and Morgan decide that they better not go drive days in a row, so they stay behind. Morgan, once again, doesn't even look at Remy the whole class. He just sits in the library next to his friend, Taft. Remy becomes sad, and wonders why Morgan is ignoring her. Remy then had a basketball game, and Morgan goes to watch.


That night, Morgan is watching the news and he sees a thing on about how a stop sign was taken off of Cherry Road and some mother was hit by a truck and died. Morgan then realizes that it was the sign that they took. Morgan's dad then says, "Whoever took that sign should be shot." The next section of the book starts out in Remy's house, around 110. Then Lark calls and tells Remy what was on the news about the stop sign. That night, Remy can't sleep because she is picturing the accident in her head. It was Friday, so she didn't have to worry about school, but all she could think about was the sign. What if her class found out?


Saturday passed, and still, she couldn't think of anything but the sign. Then Morgan's family decides to start going to church, and this makes Remy think that Morgan told. But then she realizes they only went because his dad is running for governor. After church, everyone went to the basement to have cake and coffee, but Morgan couldn't eat because every time he put cake in his mouth, he thought of the lady never eating again. Then Mac walks over to Morgan and starts telling him about how Remy likes him so much, and how their mom has pre-qualified him for marriage. He pretty much embarrasses Remy.The next Monday morning, Remy's mom is taking her and Mac to school when they notice that 4 mailboxes are destroyed. Her mom said they should be shot, and this made Remy think what she would think of her if she found out that it was her that took the sign. That day in school, a cop comes and talks to the class about the accident. Remy and Morgan are scared, but all the cop says is don't do it. Nothing happened on Tuesday or Wednesday, but on Thursday, a full-page ad was in the paper, paid for by the lady's husband that said "Who murdered my wife? I don't know, but I'll find out. Look at this beautiful woman. Only twenty-six. You killed her. You ended her life, and left mine empty. Don't sleep tonight!"


Murderer!


In the next section of the book, and it was the Wednesday before Thanksgiving. Remy's family was all there. She thinks about the lady's family. Starr and Morgan go on a bike ride, and Morgan thinks about it more. Then it is Monday, and the principal put the full-page ad on the bulletin board. In Driver's Ed, Remy is chosen to go, but for once the teacher sees her offering her nametag and makes her drive. Taft is driving, and Mr. Fielding tells him to turn on to Cherry Road. Then they pull over at the place where accident was, and Mr. Fielding asks, "Who did it?" They defend themselves, and Remy acts like she knows nothing at all about it. That night, Morgan sees a TV. Commercial for it. Then his mom says, "I agree with you Rafe, (Morgan's dad's name) whoever took that sign should be shot."


In the next section of the book, Morgan decides that he can't take it anymore and tells Nickie that he has to tell about it. Nickie just said, "Don't do it yet, let's talk." Morgan calls for Remy, but she's not there so he tells Mac to have her call him and say that he is going to tell. Remy then goes to call Morgan, but Mac interrupts her and says, "Tell what? What is he going to tell?" "Gossip," Remy says. Then she calls Morgan and tells him not to do it. She says to try to think of the good things in life, and try not to think about the sign. She had forgotten Mac was in the room. "You took the sign? You?" Mac said. Morgan tried to take the blame, but Remy wouldn't let him do it. She tells him as long as we don't admit it, they won't find out about it. Before she hangs up, he promises he won't tell. Then she deals with Mac by starting to cry and getting him to actually feel sorry for her. He says that it'll be okay. Then Morgan goes to Nickie's house, and they talk about what would happen if they tell. To prevent Morgan from telling, Nickie says that if he tells, he is going to say that Remy and Morgan wanted to see an accident and that they were glad that a woman died. This stopped Morgan from telling.Back at Morgan's house, there are a bunch of lawyers watching the news. The ad comes on, and Morgan asks them what would happen to the kid if they found him. They said that being it would probably be his first offense, he would be fined $50 and have to do some community service. The reason for that is that all they did was take the sign, they didn't kill anyone. Morgan tells Remy about Nickie's threat and that scared her. She's afraid that her parents might actually believe him. Then the days begin to pass very quickly and nothing is heard about the accident for a while. The ads stop, and most everyone forgets about it.In the last section of the book, Remy takes her driving test and passed it, but on the way out, she tells Mr. Fielding that it was her who took the sign and that she is going to tell her parents tonight. She takes her car out and goes and picks up Morgan. She tells him that she told. Morgan decides that he better tell his parents also. He tells his dad and his father just sits there in disbelief. Then it tells how Remy told her parents and how they went nuts. Her mom thought she was a bad mother, and her dad just couldn't believe it. Remy's father doesn't know whether to bring in the police or not. Then he called Nickie's parents, but they convince him that he wasn't involved. A meeting between Mr. Fielding, Remy's family, and Morgan's family is arranged. At the meeting, Mr. Fielding says that he thinks Morgan and Remy should be punished. They don't agree on whether to call the cops or not. The next day, they decide to go and talk to Mr. Thompson. They apologize for what they did and Mr. Thompson realizes that if they're sorry, that's good enough for him. Then the next day, Mr. Fielding takes Remy and Morgan to look at the grave of Denise Thompson. They say they're sorry again. THE END


Letter From the Reader


I thought this was a really great book! I read it in about 4 hrs. I have previously read some of Caroline B. Cooney's other books such as The Face on the Milk Carton and Deadly Offer. What happens in this book sounds like just some innocent fun that could happen to anyone. I think street or stop signs look cool when hung up in a room, there are many restaurants around our town that have some fairly new looking ones hung up. The characters names should have been picked where they could've been pronounced easier. It was right of Remy and Morgan to come up and tell on themselves. Would I have told if it was me,? probably not.


I wouldn't recommend this book to an 8th grader but propose that it's reading level would be that of mid-level 6th grader or 7th grader. I guess the reason Hamilton County Schools put this book on our Summer Reading List is because it's target audience would be those fixing to learn to drive.


Sincerely,


Cody Frazier


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Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Both 'The Train from Rhodesia' and 'The Tall Woman and her Short Husband' present divided societies in which the powerful are cruel and exploit the weak and powerless. How far do you agree with this view?

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There is sufficient evidence in the two stories to fully agree with this view, however there is also evidence which shows that the weak and powerless can use the rich to their advantage. For example, in 'The Train…' it would seem as though the young husband had exploited the vendor by buying the carving at such a cheap price. However, it is possible that the price paid by the man was more than what the vendor expected in the first place. In 'The Tall Woman' the odd couple live a very happy life, despite their neighbours constantly making fun of them. This shows that the powerful can be cruel, but they don't always exploit the powerless.


In 'The Train', we can clearly see that the societies are divided. When the train comes towards the station, we are told that it cries 'I'm coming' which makes it seem like an interference, something which shouldn't be there. Also, there is no reply, which indicates that there is a sense of unease amongst the blacks waiting at the station. They don't want it to come, but they need it because it is their only real source of income. We learn that "the train boar down on them", which again indicates that the blacks have no choice but to wait for it. When the train arrives, it is important to note that none of the white people get off the train. It would seem as though they are far too superior to be on the same level as the blacks. This division allows the whites to exploit the blacks. For example, the young man ended up paying a third of the asking price of the carving, which would seem ridiculous when the whites were much wealthier than the blacks. This incident could be looked at differently however. In those times, the blacks expected haggling, so the vendor may have asked for a much higher price than what he actually expected, because he is much more experienced than the couple. It would also seem as though he has lots to sell. If this were the case, it would seem as though it is actually the whites that are being exploited. When the vendor was given the money, he was "smiling and shaking his head". This can be seen in two different ways. He could be pleased that he has got more money than he expected, or he could have just realised that the whites are cruel and will never pay the full price. Also, the


There is a hint of stoicism in this story. The blacks feel that they are being exploited, but there is a sense that they accept this. There is a comparison between the blacks and the dogs when chocolates are thrown to the dogs, but the hens dart forward and get there first. The dogs here accept this as fate, just as the blacks accept what is happening to them. When the train leaves the station it "had cast the station like skin' This implies that the blacks are used temporarily by the whites, but are then discarded.


In this story, it would seem as though the young woman wants to be kind to the blacks. She thinks that she understands how they feel. However, even while she talks to the young vendor, one cannot help but feel that she is being racist. She says to him "Let me see that one". This is not a request, it is a command. When she points to the carving of the lion, we learn that "her hand commanded". She also raises her voice when she speaks to the vendor. Perhaps the white people cannot help being cruel to the blacks.


Cheap College Papers on Both 'The Train from Rhodesia' and 'The Tall Woman and her Short Husband' present divided societies in which the powerful are cruel and exploit the weak and powerless. How far do you agree with this view?


There is sufficient evidence in the two stories to fully agree with this view, however there is also evidence which shows that the weak and powerless can use the rich to their advantage. For example, in 'The Train…' it would seem as though the young husband had exploited the vendor by buying the carving at such a cheap price. However, it is possible that the price paid by the man was more than what the vendor expected in the first place. In 'The Tall Woman' the odd couple live a very happy life, despite their neighbours constantly making fun of them. This shows that the powerful can be cruel, but they don't always exploit the powerless.


There is a hint of stoicism in this story. The blacks feel that they are being exploited, but there is a sense that they accept this. There is a comparison between the blacks and the dogs when chocolates are thrown to the dogs, but the hens dart forward and get there first. The dogs here accept this as fate, just as the blacks accept what is happening to them. When the train leaves the station it "cast the station like skin' This implies that the blacks are used temporarily by the whites, but are then discarded.


They don't want it to come, but they need it because it is their only real source of income. We learn that "the train boar down on them", which again indicates that the blacks have no choice but to wait for it. When the train arrives, it is important to note that none of the white people get off the train. It would seem as though they are far too superior to be on the same level as the blacks. This division allows the whites to exploit the blacks. For example, the young man ended up paying a third of the asking price of the carving, which would seem ridiculous when the whites were much wealthier than the blacks. This incident could be looked at differently however. In those times, the blacks expected haggling, so the vendor may have asked for a much higher price than what he actually expected. If this were the case, it would seem as though it is actually the whites that are being exploited.


In 'The Tall Woman and her Short Husband' we see how others exploit a couple simply because of their indifferent looks. In this story the reader is very much involved because at the start, the author tries to make us go against the couple. We see that the couple are being made fun of at a party. Their facial features are also a cause for amusement for the neighbours. A simile is used to describe the husband's hands. They are described as being "like pudgy little meatballs". The woman's face is said to be "like an unvarnished ping pong bat". This makes us realize just how easy it is to make fun of a minority. It seems as though it is natural to be cruel to those who are different. However, as the story goes on, we begin to feel sympathetic towards the couple, and there is also a sense of guilt.


Please note that this sample paper on Both 'The Train from Rhodesia' and 'The Tall Woman and her Short Husband' present divided societies in which the powerful are cruel and exploit the weak and powerless. How far do you agree with this view? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Both 'The Train from Rhodesia' and 'The Tall Woman and her Short Husband' present divided societies in which the powerful are cruel and exploit the weak and powerless. How far do you agree with this view?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Both 'The Train from Rhodesia' and 'The Tall Woman and her Short Husband' present divided societies in which the powerful are cruel and exploit the weak and powerless. How far do you agree with this view? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, December 9, 2019

Adah Price: the Embodiment of Congo

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Adah Price the Embodiment of Congo


"She says she spent thirty years waiting for the wisdom and maturity to dare write this book. Never has such patience been more rewarded"(Forster ). Yes, Barbara Kingsolver has every right to thirty years of contemplation before attempting to create such a complex political novel as The Poisonwood Bible, and yes, never has such patience been more rewarded, for the novel has opened the eyes of citizens and politicians alike. "It is a novel predominantly about the Congo…about what first the Belgians, then the Americans have done to it," and what better way to portray such views than through the embodiment of the Congo through a child (1). The child's name is Adah Price, and she represents the Congo before and after the influence of America. Why did Kingsolver choose a child to represent this nation? Simple, she chose a child because a child can be molded while in youth, but as maturity comes, so does the realization of the effects of such molding and the decision of whether such molding is good or evil. Adah Price is the perfect embodiment of a developing nation vulnerable to foreign influence in Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible.


In the beginning of the novel, Adah describes herself as a handicapped child "My right side drags. I was born with half my brain dried up like a prune…"(Kingsolver ). The condition she has is called hemiplegia, and, as a result, she is presumed to be "deaf or feeble-minded"(). However, Adah's condition has allowed her to have a different


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perception on life. She establishes an individual character unmatched by anyone in the novel. The only match can be seen in the Congo, for the Congo's perception on life also differs from surrounding countries due to its condition. Rachel, her younger sister, explains that "Used to be, Adah was the only one of us in our family with something wrong with her. But here nobody stares at Adah except just a little because she's white. Nobody cares that she's bad on one whole side because they've all got their own handicap children or a mama with no feet, or their eye put out"(5). Disability is common in the Congo. This similarity between Adah and the Congo allows Adah to relate with the Congolese and show that she is, in fact, a representation of the Congo. Adah's individualism is obvious in the things she does and thinks. For example, when she finishes "reading a book from front to back," she "read[s] it back to front"(57). This individualism, aside from its obvious literal relevance, is parallel to the Congo's unique individual character and history prior to the intrusion of America and the Belgians. Before the intrusion of Western civilization in the form of these two countries, the Congo has its own customs and traditions, and that gave them the opportunity to be different and contribute to the world in their own unique manner. However, as the Belgians and, predominately America, bring their influence, the same change as seen in Adah can be seen in the Congo.


The change in Adah begins as she moves back to America to begin a new life free from the evil domination and oppression of Nathan, her father. Once back, Adah enters a medical school, where she "is re-diagnosed as someone whose disability is a habit learned in infancy rather than the result of neurological damage"(Aull ). With the loss


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of her condition, she also loses her individualism. This loss is obvious to her because "when Adah loses her limb-impaired 'slant' as well as her ability to perceive the world in a palindromic framework, she is not thrilled but ambivalent…."(). She "no longer" has "Ada, the mystery of coming and going"(Kingsolver 4). Adah realizes her loss because as she lost her "split-body drag," she also lost her "ability to read in the old way"(4). Adah has lost a significant part of herself, and she knows it. In the same way, the Congo has the same realization of the potential effects of American imperialism, which causes the struggle for independence in the novel. Only Adah can see the effects of her loss of individualism, and only the Congo can see the potential effects of American imperialism "No one else misses Ada," and "no one else" misses the ancient Congo except those directly involved and affected (4). Adah resents "the arrogance of the able-bodied" and wishes she could just be herself, "and have that be all right"(4). She says, "Don't the poor miserable buggers all want to be like me? Not necessarily, no"(4). If everyone were the same, then there would be no individual purpose in life. Everyone would be a whole, but Adah wonders, "How can I explain that my two unmatched halves used to add up to more than one whole?"(4). Individuality is a greater treasure than uniformity. Just think of the effects of American imperialism. All treasured customs and traditions of the Congo are minimized and in some instances destroyed. The history of the Congo would be erased. Both Adah and the Congo realize that such individualism is not worth giving up.


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Adah's time in medical school is limited as she begins to realize the hypocrisy involved in her pursuing such a career. Doctors, such as "Albert Schweitzer," go to the Congo to save the children and others that are ill (58). How can Adah, who represents the Congo, go to heal such a place of what made it special and different when she resents her own healing? For this reason, she "[leaves] the healing profession"(58). After realizing her hypocrisy and abandoning it, Adah moves her focus to the study of African parasites, for as parasites feed on Adah, so is America planning to feed on the Congo's resources. Through Adah's research, she begins to understand the importance of the partnership between the parasite and the host. She sees that "if you could for a moment rise up out of your own beloved skin and appraise ant, human, and virus as equally resourceful beings, you might admire the accord they have all struck in Africa"(5). In the same way, "the West has built a path to its own door and thrown it wide for the plague"(50). Adah realizes that America's involvement with the Congo is a God-sent partnership, and it is the illusion of this relationship we call "civilization," that is "the pavement under our feet," our purpose in life (5). At this point in the novel, Adah's view of American interaction with the Congo evolves from one of skepticism to one of understanding. As the misprinted Bibles Adah collects are a symbol of the multiple errors in the texts of America's religion because of the dominance Christianity holds as a religion in the United States, so is America "[coming] in [the Congo] stamped with such errors we can never know which ones made a lasting impression"(5). However, "the mistakes are part of the story," a part of God's ultimate plan for this world, and no person has the right to fight such a plan (5). Both Adah and the Congo must learn to accept


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the fact that although it may bring about the loss of individualism, the relationship between different species and nations is part of God's plan and, therefore, will not be altered.


Barbara Kingsolver, a literary genius, creatively portrays the Congo metaphorically through the life of Adah Price in The Poisonwood Bible. Adah begins with individualism unmatched by any other character in the novel. Through her handicapped condition, she is able to perceive life in special ways. After moving back to America and being subject to American views and influence, Adah loses her condition and, as a result, her individualism. Initially, she realizes and regrets the loss, ridiculing the "able-bodied" as arrogant and emphasizing the greater treasure she found in her "two unmatched halves." However, later analyzing the relationship between host and parasite and between the West and the Congo, she realizes that such relationships are a part of God's plan and must be accepted, not fought. On the other side of the metaphor, the Congo begins as a very unique country, holding its own ancient customs and traditions. As America attempts to bring its imperialism to the Congo, the Congo sees the potential results of allowing such influence and, as a result, fights for its independence. However, the Congo, like Adah, must understand the necessity of such interaction with America, for it is "a part of the story," a part of God's plan, and learn not to fight it. Adah is the embodiment of the Congo in The Poisonwood Bible, and the politics involving the Congo are seen through her. Essentially, this is the political issue confronted in the text of The Poisonwood Bible the value of preservation of national individualism as opposed to the necessity of progress as a result of imperialism.


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Works Cited


Aull, Felice. "Kingsolver, Barbara The Poisonwood Bible." 17 May 000 n.pag. On-line. Internet. 8 Oct. 000. Available WWW http//endeaver.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/kingsolver1686-des-.ht….


Forester, Margaret. "Way Out of the Congo The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver." n.pag. On-line. Internet. 8 Oct. 000. Available WWW http//www.litreview.com/reviews/1/0/FORSTERONKINGSOLVER.html.


Kingsolver, Barbara. The Poisonwood Bible. New York HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 18.


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Thursday, December 5, 2019

Summer Of the Monkeys

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The last thing a fourteen-year-old boy expects to find along an Ozark river bottom is a tree full of monkeys. Jay Berrys grandpa had an explanation, of course-as he did for most things. The monkeys had escaped from a circus, and there was a handsome reward in the store for anyone who could catch them. Grandpa said there wasnt any animal that couldnt be caught somehow, and Jay Berry started out believing him.


But by the end of the summer of the monkeys, Jay Berry Lee had learned a lot more than he ever bargained for- and not just about monkeys. He learned about faith, and wished coming true, and knowing what it is you really want.


This novel, set in rural Oklahoma around the turn of the century, is a funny and heartwarming family story about a time and place when miracles were really the simplest things.


Up until Jay Berry was fourteen years old, no other boy on earth could have been happier. He didnt have a worry in the world. But, just when things were really looking good for him, something happened. He got mixed up with a bunch of monkeys. Those monkeys all but drove him out of his mind. He should have kept this monkey trouble to himself, but he got his grandpa mixed up in it. He even coaxed Rowdy, his old blue tick hound, into helping him with his monkey trouble.


Help with essay on Summer Of the Monkeys


At the time, the Lee family was living in a brand-new country that had just been opened up for settlement. They had moved there when Jay Berry was only two years old. He and his twin sister, Daisy, were born in Oklahoma City. He was born healthy, but Daisy came out with here right leg all twisted. She was going to be a cripple. The farm they lived on was called Cherokee Nation. It lay in a strip from the foothills of the Ozark Mountains to the banks of the Illinois River in northeastern Oklahoma. That was probably the last place in the world that anyone would expect to find a bunch of monkeys.


During breakfast one morning, the Lee familys milk cow, Sally Gooden, ran off. Jay Berry was sent out to look for her. He found the familys milk cow and the monkeys deep in the bottoms. He had never seen a monkey anywhere expect in a book. He had no explanation, nor did his father, for the monkeys being. His grandpa and grandma were living down in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, also. They owned one of those big country stores that had everything in it.


Jay Berry ran to his grandpas store and told him about the monkeys down in the bottoms. His grandpa explained everything to him, including the reward for the monkeys. About two weeks earlier, two men stopped by the store. They belonged to a circus train that was wrecked over on a railroad. One of the cars jumped the track and busted wide open. There were some valuable monkeys in that car, and a lot of them got away. They caught all but about thirty of the monkeys. They were offering a reward of two dollars a piece for all but one of the monkeys. That last one was worth one hundred dollars. That was a lot of money back then. Jay Berry had always wanted a . and a pony. That money was just enough.


The last monkeys name was Jimbo and he was a lot bigger than the other monkeys. They were all worth a lot because they had been trained for acts in a circus. The last monkey was worth a hundred dollars because he was real smart. The men from the circus had said he was almost human.


There was a catch, however. The monkeys had to be taken alive with no harm done to them. Jay Berrys grandpa first came up with a plan to catch them with traps that with the teeth all padded so it wouldnt hurt. Jay Berry tried it out the next morning and used apples as bait. The monkeys were about to fall for the trap, but Jimbo came along and got the apples while avoiding the traps. He knew there were traps because he had been sitting in the trees the whole time. He was like their leader.


Jay Berry was very disappointed and went to get a drink at a spring. When he went back to get his stuff, it was gone. He heard the Jimbo chattering and looked up. The monkey was jumping up and down with Jay Berrys sack in his hand. There was nothing he could do so he went home and ate dinner. Then he went back to his grandpas store for more advice.


His grandpa gave him a net that could open and close by pulling certain strings. Jay Berry went to sleep early that night, for he had to get up before dawn the next morning. This time Jay Berry almost caught two monkeys. He caught them in the net and was about to leave when it started raining monkeys. Jimbo blocked their path and kept Jay Berry and Rowdy from leaving. But when Jay Berry and Rowdy tried to fight them, the monkeys fought back. While the small monkeys swarmed Jay Berry and Rowdy, Jimbo managed to sneak in and get the two monkeys trapped in the net free.


Because the monkeys had bitten Jay Berry and Rowdy so many times, they got sick. They were ill for about four days. When he was well again he went back to his grandpas store. This time his grandpa suggested talking to Jimbo and getting the small monkeys to follow along. Jay Berry and Rowdy found them the next day. The monkeys had found some sour mash and were drinking it. When Jay Berry arrived, Jimbo and the other monkeys were too drunk to be scared. Jimbo offered Jay Berry and Rowdy a drink. They tried to refuse, but that only got Jimbo angry, so they had to drink it. After a few drinks they fell asleep. When they woke up, they were both drunk. Jimbo had also stolen Jay Berrys britches. Jay Berry had to walked home half-naked.


When he got home he got in trouble for getting drunk. Both he and Rowdy were sick again. He went to see his grandpa again, but this time he was out of ideas. They were going to have to go to the library in town. At the library, his grandpa found the right book. It told them that all monkeys loved coconuts. His grandpa bought half a bushel. On there way back to the farm, they stopped by the same spring Jay Berry lost his things. While they were getting a drink, the monkeys stole the coconuts. But they left behind the things they had stolen from Jay Berry before.


Jay Berry had almost forgotten about the monkeys, but then a freak storm hit the bottoms. Jay Berry could only think about the monkeys. If they drown in the storm, he wouldnt get the reward money. If he didnt get the reward money, then he wouldnt get his gun or pony. So when the storm blew over, he and Rowdy went out in search of the monkeys. At first, they couldnt find a trace of them anywhere, but then they heard a low moan. Rowdy traced the sound to the riverbanks. Jay Berry looked in and saw Jimbo with his arms wrapped around some small monkeys. The others were all cuddled together trying to stay warm. Some even looked like they were close to death.


He pulled them all out into the sun and Rowdy licked most of them dry. He got Jimbo to follow him to his house. The rest of the monkeys followed in line. It was if the monkeys had wanted to be caught. He made them a bed out of hay in the corncrib. His mother brought them a lot of warm milk to drink. The monkeys slept for the next two days. While they were asleep, Jay Berry visited his grandpas store and told him everything. His grandpa sent a telegram to the two men from the circus and they came to the Lee familys farm the next day.


They took the monkeys away in a truck and gave Jay Berry his one hundred and fifty-six dollars. He gave six dollars to his sister, Daisy. Then he ran to his grandpas store to get his pony. His grandpa had two horses, a roan gelding and a paint mare. The roan was a strong and muscular male. The paint was a sleek female. When Jay Berry and Rowdy first saw them, they went right for the paint, but then they found out she was a cripple. After a long while, Jay Berry decided to take the paint anyways. His grandpa had said the paint would be as good as new in a few weeks. She cost him seventy-five dollars.


But when he was right in front of the house, he looked at the paints leg and realized he had made a big mistake. He remembered Daisys cripple leg and took the horse back to his grandpa. That night Jay Berry, his grandparents, and his parents put all their money together. His parents and grandparents had been saving up money to fix Daisys leg for a long time. Jay Berrys grandparents and mother, along with Daisy, went to Oklahoma City. They were there for six weeks. During that time, Jay Berry and his father had to run the barn and his grandpas store.


Then one day they got a letter saying Daisy and Jay Berrys mother would be coming in on the afternoon train. Jay Berry, Rowdy, and his papa met them there. When Daisy got off the train, he leg was straight. You couldnt even tell which leg was twisted before the operation. They hugged and kissed then got on their wagon and went home. When they got to the front of the house, they saw grandpa standing in front of the corncrib with holding the reins to the paint mare that Jay Berry had wanted. He gave the horse to Jay Berry and Daisy gave him a brand new .. She got it while she was in Oklahoma City. In a few weeks, Jay Berry was riding his pony through the hills and down in the bottoms.


I thought this was a good book. I would recommend this book. I liked it.


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Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Is UN dysfunctional

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In the motion of bringing peace and harmony throughout the entire world by solving global problems effectively, most countries in the world had participated in forming an international organization, which is called The United Nations. The United Nations officially came into existence on 4 October 145, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union (called Russia now), the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories (http//www.un.org). The United Nations is central to global efforts to solve problems that challenge humanity. But does this organization really serve its purposes? Therefore, the functionality of the United Nations will be discussed in this essay. The purpose this topic is discussed because the United Nations is not carrying out their responsibilities as they were supposed to and it is very obvious that recently, The United Nations does not serve as an international body that prioritizes the benefits of all of its members but only serve as a puppet on a string for certain powerful countries as a stepping stone to achieve their benefits and goals. Although this issue is getting more and more serious, certain countries or bodies still think that the United Nations is a very important organization. The United Nations is said to be important as it provides economic and social development; and acts as an international Judiciary body. However, the United Nations fail to carry out their primary purposes, which are bringing international peace and security, protecting human rights, and monitoring humanitarian actions.


Some people debate that the UN is not dysfunctional as it still provides economic and social development to undeveloped countries. Although most people associate the United Nations with the issues of peace and security, the majority of the U.N funds are committed to economic development and social development to those countries of need (http//www.un.org). It is undeniable that the UN's development efforts have remarkably affected the lives and well being of millions of people throughout the world. The UN tries distributing the wealth evenly throughout the world by creating fair opportunities for third world countries to grow economically. Furthermore, the UN recognizes the social issues throughout the world and tries its best to handle social issues throughout the world by pursuing social policies that provide equitable entitlements for all citizens to ensure that their capacities and functioning are adequate for a decent inclusion in societal affairs (http//www.unrisd.org).


Besides that, political leaders from many countries argue that the UN is not dysfunctional as it still acts as an international judiciary body. The Court has two role to settle in accordance with international law the legal disputes submitted to it by States, and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by duly authorized international organs and agencies (www.icj-cij.org). The UN establishes conditions under which justice and respect for the commitment regarding international agreement and other sources of international law to be maintained. Indirectly, this has help prevent undesirable collisions between countries.


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It is undeniable that the UN had brought some changes to the betterment of the world. But it has failed to serve its main purposes to keep and maintain peace in the world. By the arguments provided below far more compelling, I believe that the UN is dysfunctional.


This essay strongly believes that the United Nation is dysfunctional as it fails maintain international peace and security throughout the world. One of the most critical issues that the United Nations is facing today is its role in preventing the scourge of war. The United Nations Charter, which emphasize on protecting future generations from the scourge of war, practicing tolerance and living together in peace, is combined with a will to create a better future. In the last 54 years since the day the UN was born, the world have seen more, but not fewer wars, and for all its debates, resolutions and peacekeeping missions; the organization has always fail to achieve its mission it is not doing enough to prevent or resolve conflicts. The conflict in the Yugoslav province of Kosovo for an example is the latest and maybe the most dramatic description that the crisis in which the United Nations are facing recently. Frustrated with the UNs inability to act, the NATO alliance bypassed the Security Council and launched a bombing campaign against Yugoslavia to force it to accept Western terms for a settlement (http//www.una-uk.org6). The question then arises as to whether the UN still has an effective role in keeping peace throughout the world, and whether it is even needed?


Secondly, this essay points out that the UN is dysfunctional because it fails to protect human rights. Although freedom of speech and human rights are taken for granted in the west; but in other parts of the world such as certain countries in South East Asia, free speech are prohibited (http//www.un.org). In other countries such as the countries in the Middle East and Africa, the human rights condition still Rwanda and Kosovo remains unchanged. In fact, the condition of human rights in many parts of the world are said to be worsen. Discrimination, torture, abuse, and even man slaughter practices in countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq still occur among women, children, disabled people, minorities, migrant workers and the other vulnerable groups. The question is, where have the United Nations been when all these sufferings happen? The UN only came in when everything was over and kept the stability of the community. Therefore, the UN fails to achieve its main role as to protect the human rights of people globally.


In addition, this essay also believes that the UN fails to monitor and coordinate issues regarding humanitarian affairs globally. When we discuss about humanitarian affairs issues, the first one who should be black listed is the United Nations itself. After the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf war in early 11, the Security Council passed the resolution that set economic sanctions on Iraq; nine years of economic sanctions have devastated the Iraqi population, and brought untold sorrow and misery to ordinary Iraqis. (http//www.reliefweb.int). Recent figures show that the Iraqi economy is in shambles. The UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs estimated that over 4 million Iraqis, live in extreme poverty. The destruction of the education system as a result of the Gulf War and UN sanctions has been extensive. The measures taken by the United Nations have aggravated the overall situation in Iraq instead of improving it. Besides that, in the past decade; the number and intensity of civil wars has increased. These have caused many humanitarian crises- with extensive loss of life, massive displacements of people, and widespread damage to societies- in complicated political and military environments (http//www.reliefweb.int). But the UN fails to address all these 'complex issues' and did not respond quickly and effectively to these issues.


In conclusion, the U.N fails to bring harmony and safety, protect human rights, and coordinate humanitarian affair effectively throughout the world. Hence, it is reasonable to resolve that the UN is dysfunctional. Further more, this essay strongly believes that the United Nations is dysfunctional because it is bureaucratic body, which is used by certain powerful countries to be in control. Some see reform as the solution for the UNs crisis. This essay sees that a new UN would be better equipped to deal with the issues facing the world. If the initiative step to reform is still not taken, unfortunately the stability of peace and harmony in world for the future would be seriously threatened. Therefore, the reliability and credibility of the United Nations is not as trusted as before because the UN is dysfunctional.


Please note that this sample paper on is UN dysfunctional is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on is UN dysfunctional, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on is UN dysfunctional will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, December 2, 2019

ERP – Stories of Success and Failure

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Information technology has changed our lives forever. It is found in every pore of the modern society. Business world is not spared; in contrary it is probably impacted harder than anything else. We are witnesses of the evolution of production and operation philosophies, from the economic order quantity to the supply chain management. After implementation of one philosophy, further steps must be taken to insure the edge over the competition. The key in today's business environment is the Supply Chain Management. In order to adopt and implement SCM philosophy, a firm must adopt and implement an Enterprise Resource Planning System.


ERP is the application software necessary for successful supply management. It is the key integration factor between different business functions that allows for fast and easy data exchange, which leads to process improvements throughout organization as well as successful SCM. ERP emerged as a result of the need to successfully communicate across business functions. It insures that data found throughout the organization is always current and available. It is a masterpiece of digital records. Rajagopal (00) offers additional history and reasoning "Firms around the world have been implementing ERP systems since 10s to have an uniform information system in their respective organizations and to reengineer their business processes." Once implemented ERP affects every aspect of the organization. ERP has evolved from MRP systems. Once the lack of integration in MRP systems was discovered, only logical step was creation of the new software package that would solve the integration issues. Many of the problems firms ones had with MRP and MRP II were fixed through the implementation of ERP. ERP is therefore an extension of MRP systems. Rajagopal (00) also concludes in his research "Organizations that implemented ERP systems have made improvements in cross-functional coordination and have improved business performance at various levels."


SCM can be defined as the vertical integration and coordination of the participants in a supply chain as well as their processes, and all in order to gain a competitive advantage over their competition. We are witnesses of the evolution of production and operation philosophies, from the economic order quantity to the supply chain management. After implementation of one philosophy steps must be taken to further insure the edge over the competition. A company cannot exist and survive in today's world if all of the philosophies are not included in its processes. At the present time, the final philosophy that must be accepted is the supply chain management. A supply chain includes all participants from the raw materials to the consumption. ERP's role in the SCM is to provide necessary information support and make integration and coordination possible, fast, and reliable across the supply chain. Successful management of the supply chain is not possible without ERP implementation, and a firm that fails to properly implement ERP is likely to lose it's place in the market to a competitor that had a successful ERP implementation.


Although it sounds extremely important, too many firms fail to understand SCM and importance of the proper ERP implementation. Most common mistake firms make is that they fail to understand that people are the key of successful implementation. Instead, they take the information technology for granted expecting it to solve all of the problems. Lack of the involvement and proper training is among leading causes of the unsuccessful ERP implementations stories. Also there are claims that organizations are unwilling to pay what it costs to properly implement ERP as well as unwilling to undergo needed cultural change that comes with ERP implementation. People fail to realize that information systems are only a tool available and the managers are the ones managing company using management principles and process. If an ERP system is successfully implemented it will eventually lead to cost minimization and revenue maximization. Movement across supply chain and supply chain management will be easier, and customer satisfaction will rise to higher levels. Integration within the company and across the supply chain will bring the competitive advantage to the company.


As stated earlier the major reason to implement ERP system is that it supports SCM and therefore provides an organization with a competitive advantage. However, benefits that are provided with ERP and that directly lead to overall objective, therefore influencing decision to implement ERP system include distribution and availability of information, integration aspects of the system, information centralization, timely information, time and money savings, improved quality, and minimizing errors. It is good idea to implement the system when a company has standardized products and regular customers and suppliers. On the other hand, some firms face certain problems if they decide to implement such a system. The problems that might point against the ERP implementation include loss of flexibility that might be the key in the business processes, cost of the implementation, little experience with formal information systems, and changing information system requirements.


Probability of the successful ERP implementation hugely depends on implementation plan. Proper implementation plan that gives enough time and more importantly involves people within the organization is the key to success. Even if people are involved in the process, hasty implementation will leave too many holes that will have a huge negative impact on company's performance. Many articles found on the internet that describe successful and unsuccessful implementations agree that consulting, training, and personnel involvement are the key to the successful implementation of ERP systems. Many firms fail to understand ERP from the managerial point of view, they rather see it as the IT solution that should be developed by IT personnel. Gunson and Blasis (00) conclude "Further analysis of success or failure factors show that primarily it is the implementation effect on Organization, the Workplace and the Individuals at Work which yields a positive or negative result. Laughlin puts this clearly by stating that ERP implementations do not fail because applications does not work, they fail because the enterprise rejects them."


Financial benefits for the company in case of successful implementation are huge. Cost minimization and revenue maximization will result from successfully implemented ERP system. This yields from easier movement across supply chain and easier SCM that resulted in a competitive advantage for the company. On the other hand, if the implementation is unsuccessful a company will face financial distress and difficulties. Unsuccessful implementation leads to disruptions in a supply chain and business processes, customers are not properly satisfied, and trained workforce leaves the company. All of this results in higher cost and lower revenues, sometimes running a firm out of business and in best case creating difficulties that take time to recover from. A firm with such a financial problems gets lower credit ratings as well, therefore making recovery even harder.


Every firm has a huge impact on the environment it is situated in. This impact is mainly reflected through the workforce it employs. Every change within the organization has implications on the workforce and their environment. Successful ERP implementation can have a positive impact on people and therefore spread out in their social environment. However, in some cases, success of one company can create negative effects on the other one situated in same area and conducting similar business. These effects can include loss of business and the jobs, so all of the positive can be dismissed with the negative. Some societies oppose the evolution of the Information Technology since it takes away power from the people, at least the way they see it. Gunson and Blasis (00) see new development of the workforce into knowledge workers "Some characteristics of knowledge workers include Professionals rather than employees, Interdependent on other knowledge professionals, The need for continuing education, Identification with their knowledge (rather than to any particular company), Unlimited upward mobility." Since the ERP systems support development of the above characteristics we can conclude that successful ERP implementation has a huge impact on the social environment and encourages individual development. On the other hand, failure will discourage people and negatively impact their social surrounding.


The future of the ERP systems is focused on the Internet. The Internet will most likely be a replacement to electronic data interchange systems. It seems to be that Internet will have a huge impact on the future software developments. Davenport (000) points out "We dont need big enterprise systems anymore, because weve got the Internet now." He argues that the information flow through the Internet is of such a scale and flexibility that the companies will not need as big systems as before, and they will be able to facilitate a lot of things by using the Internet. No matter what, if a firm wants to be a part of the 1st century, it is forced to adopt SCM and therefore implement ERP system.


Blasis, J.P., Gunson, J. (00). Implementing ERP in Multinational Companies Their Effects on Organizations and Individuals at Work. Geneva. Found at http//hec.info.unige.ch/recherches_publications/cahiers/00/00.07.pdf.


Davenport, T. (000). Long Live ERP. CIO Magazine.


Jacobs, R., Whybark, C. (000). Why ERP? A Primer on SAP Implementation. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.


Malhotra, Y. (1). Knowledge Management for Organizational White-Waters An Ecological Framework. United Kingdom. Knowledge Management.


Rajagopal, P. (00). Information and Management. Houghton. Elsevier Science.


Please note that this sample paper on ERP – Stories of Success and Failure is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ERP – Stories of Success and Failure, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on ERP – Stories of Success and Failure will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, November 29, 2019

Behavioral genetics

If you order your cheap term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on behavioral genetics. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality behavioral genetics paper right on time.


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Topic Essay Assignment / Discussion on behavioural genetics / September 11, 00


Once Psychologists believed human characteristics were almost entirely the result of environmental influences, but such presumptions began to change in the 10's.


Recently there has been significant advances in the knowledge of genetics thanks to the Human Genome Programme. Due to this research science is again focusing on the biological contribution to human behaviour. (Weiten 000) This enlightened research is known as 'behavioural genetics' a study of the complex relationship between genes and the environment, the core of its investigations is on aspects of personality, such as intelligence, sexual orientation, aggression and other antisocial conduct and also tendencies towards extraversion and novelty seeking. The focus of this writing will be on this particular field of science and its recent advances and limitations in research and also the issues of ethical management associated to this subject.


To study behavioural genetics in humans, researchers use techniques that sort out environment and culture from biology. Typically this involves studying twins and adoptees (Quantative) as well as studing the genes of peoples psychological traits (Molecular)


Help with essay on behavioral genetics


Moleular Genetics is the study of genes known to influence brain function. Moreover in the present state of knowledge within this field, a plausible hypothesis can be established according to Rutter( 17) that will link almost any of the known genes within virtually any aspect of personality. Recently their has been a study that claims the identification of the genetic influence on a personality trait described as novelty seeking and a polymorphion in this associated gene for the D 4 receptor for dopamine.


(Ebsteen, R. et al 15)


However according to (Plomin & Caspi 1) there has been numerous attempts to replicate these findings with differing results. It appears that at this point in time the evidence is still open to question and not conclusive.


(Patterson, Sunohara & Kennedy 1)


In regards to Quantative genetic studies of personality the two most important conclusions to date are of broad generality. First across the range of traits heritability estimates of twin studies are in the range of 0.0-0.50 (Plomin, R. et al 14) Though estimates from adoption studies are consistently lower, suggests that non-additive variance may have an important role in personality according to (Bouchard & Loehlin 001). The above results were obtained for neurotisism, extraversion, conscientousness, open to experience, and agreeableness.


There appears to be a consistant pattern between these findings which extends over the entire 'Big 5' model. This personality model is known to cover all known personality traits. However sensation seeking is reported to have a much higher heritability ratio at about 0.60. (Zuckerman.16)


Consequently the gene contributions to personality through these findings appears to be approximately equal across all aspects of personality.


A Cross sectional study of men and woman in America revealed that neuroticism, extraversion and openness to experience show modest declines from teenage years to the end of their twenties whereas agreeableness and concientousness increase, changes reflect settling down and greater maturity. Similar trends extending into middle ages have been identified in five countries, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Portugal and South Korea.


(McRae et al 14) According to (Costa & McRae 17) the consistency of these findings have led some researchers to conclude that adult personality change, is genetically influenced.


It seems that support for a genetic view of individual differences in the 'big 5'traits are highly persistent. Longitudinal research appears to show that the 'big 5'scores are strongly correlated from one age to the next over intervals ranging from three to thirty years. A person who scores high or low at one age is likely to do the same at another.


(Costa & McCrae 14).


What this research is showing us is a high stability on these characteristics yet significant changes in aspects of personality.


Another powerful example of genetic personality influences come from the 0 year long Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. This study is famous for finding the Jim Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis who met for the first time since birth at age and found they drove the same model of car, smoked the same brand of cigarettes, liked the same sports,married and divorced woman named Linda, remarried woman named Betty, had a dog named Toy, practiced woodworking and had a son named James Alan, the other James Allan. What is more significant when tested for personality traits such as sociability, flexibility and self control the Jim twins response was almost exact. (Leo 187)


While the Jim Twins are exceptional; studies such as the M.S.T.R.A. suggest that human temperament and behavioural tendencies are 0% to 50% genetic within the 'Big 5'personality model. Based on this data Bouchard & Loehlin ( 001)conclude that genetic components influence personality considerably.


Above all this, behavioural genetics is a complicated and often controversial area of genetic research, as well as the validity of the scientific methodologies involved there are many questions to be answered on the ethicial, legal, social and practical implications. These include concerns about the effects of developing genetic tests (such as embryo scans ) for normal behavioural traits and the way in which this information could be used to try to predict change or select such traits.


Controversy also exists over the testing of children and adults who are at risk for genetic diseases, but don't yet show symptoms. Take for example Huntingtons or Alzheimers disease, delay between the availability of diagnostic tests and effective intervention means that effected people will be livng with the fear of a future illness they cannot prevent. Some effected by these diseases already are suffering under discrimination because of their heredity, they have lost their health insurance, and some their jobs.


As a result responsible use of genetic technologies guidelines are being drawn up also withical principles have already been decised to ensure the privacy of genetic information. (Marshall, 16)


All in all the study of behavioural genetics was first established by scientists working within the context of the Eugenics Movement. This history remains part of what underlies many of the anxieties expressed today among both professionals and members of the public towards work in genetics on intellectual abilites and behavioural traits. However in this present era of history this science offers promise of great benefit to mankind.There will be many questions we will be forced to face as this science progresses . I will leave the last words in this essay with the B.P.S.


"The Notion that behaviour traits are passed from one generation to another' in the blood' has been common currency for a long time, it has been used to justify racism, persecution and genocide, it has been used to stereotype individuals and it has been used to proclaim superiority of an individual or group over others". British Psychological Society References


Bouchard, T.J. Jr & Lochlin, J.G (001)


Genes, evolution & personality Behav. Genet. 1, 4-7


Ebstein, R.D. et al (15) Dopamine D4 receptor exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Nat.Genet. 1, 78-80


Costa, P.T., Jr & McCrae R.R (14). Set like plaster? Evidence for the stability of adult personality. In T.F Hetherington & J.L. Weinberger (Ed.s) Can personality change? Washington, D.C American Psychological Association.


Costa, P.T., Jr & McCrae R.R (17). Longitudinal stability of adult personality. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.) Handbook of personality psychology. San Diego Academic Press.


McRae, R.R, Costa P.T., Jr., deLima, M.P., Scmoes, A., Ostendorf, F., Angleitner, A., MarusicI., Bratko, D., Caprara, G.V.., Barabaranelli, C, Chae,. J.J., & Piedmont, R.L. (1) Age differences in personality across the adult life span parallels in five cultures. Developmental Psychology, 5, 466-77.


Leo, J. (187. January) Exploring the traits of twins. Time, p.6


Marshall, E (16). The genome programs conscience. Science 74, 488-1


Patterson, A.D., Sumohara, G.A., & Kennedy, J.L. (1) Dopamine D4 receptor gene Novelty or nonsense Neuropsychopharmacology, 1, -16.


Plomin, R., & Caspi, A. (1) Behavioural genetics and personality. In L.A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Theory & Research. New York Guildford Press.


Plomin R., Reiss D. Hetherington, E.M., & Howe, G.W. (14). Nature and Nurture Genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental Psychology, 0, -4.


Rutter, M.L. (17)Nature,Nurture intergrationThe example of anti social behaviour American Psychologist ,5, 0-8


Weiten, W. (000) Psychology themes and variations (5th ed). Thompson learning Stamford, CT 060- 7477 USA.


Zuckerman, M. (16) The psychobiological model for impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking - A comparative approach. Neuropsychobiology, 4, 15-1.Please note that this sample paper on behavioral genetics is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on behavioral genetics, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on behavioral genetics will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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