Freedom and Death in the Outsider in relation to Camus' philosophy

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In The Outsider, Camus' views on freedom and death are important themes. For Camus, freedom happens in an awareness of one's life. The every moment life, "an intense glorious life that needs no redeeming, no regrets, no tears." Death is undeniable and absurd. It is not anything but a continuous recycling into the cosmos for a "free" man. Until a person reaches this awareness life, like death, is absurd, and without a doubt life remains absurd although each persons life can be valuable and meaningful to him or her. In a matter of speaking, The Outsider is a mirror of Camus' philosophy, with stress on that which is needed for freedom. Meursault, hero of TheOutsider, is not a person one would want to meet in this respect. Meursault does not accomplish "the awakening of consciousness", so necessary to freedom and to living Camus' philosophy until nearly the end of the book. Yet, he has lived his life in according with the ethics of Camus' philosophy.

Meursault is a quiet person who hardly ever shows any outer emotions when a situation in which most people would. In the opening scene of the book, we find out that his mother has just died. The first page alone gives many hints about Meursaults character and it shows him to be almost unaware of his emotions. He feels the need to apologise for things that are out of his control and to thank people for things that they had nothing to do with. He basically apologizes to his boss when he asks for two days off of work to go the funeral for his dead mother. He goes through the entire funeral without displaying any external emotions, saying that he doesnt want to see the body and that he doesnt want to pay his last respects. Mersault's mothers funeral Meursault does not cry or behave the way that society expects him to act. This is because Meursault is an existentialist , and does not act in the appropriate manner in which society expects, which makes him a stranger from the people around him. The novel is divided into two parts Part One, in which Camus develops Meursault's character and Meursault commits the murder and Part Two, wherein, as a result of his trial, his solitary confinement, and his sentence to death, Meursault undergoes an emotional "evolution" which concludes in his epiphany at the end of the novel.

What are the moralities and the virtues needed for freedom according to Meursault? First, the biggest trait of his character is his obsession for the absolute truth. While in Meursault, this takes the shape of a truth of being and emotion; it is still the truth needed to the conquest of the self or of the world. This passion is so deep that it obtains even when rejected might save his life.

Second, and not unconnected to the first, is Meursault's acceptance of nature as what it is and nothing more, his rejection of the supernatural, including any god. Actually, "rejection" of God is not exact until later when he is confronted to accept the notion; Meursault merely has never considered God and religion valuable enough worth pursuing. The natural makes sense and the supernatural doesn't. It follows that death to Meursault is the end of life and that is all. It's just a natural part of existence for him.

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Third, Meursault lives completely in the present. The past is the past and dwelling on it in any mood is merely a waste of the present. As to the future, the eventual future is death; to forfeit the present to the future is the same as sacrificing life to death to him. Finally and obviously since the present is his only setting, Meursault takes note of each moment of life since there is no outside value system, no complex future plan to measure against and as a result of his passion for truth, he grants every moment equal importance. One moment may be more enjoyable than another; one boring yet each receives equal time. Meursault has one weakening attribute; that is a direct and logical result of his own view of the life and philosophy of living. Indifference.

Perhaps because his way of life and thinking appear so natural to him he has never considered their roots and has never faced the absurdity of death, with the resulting acknowledgment of the value of his life. Out of indifference he fails to question and thus blunders out of indifference he combines forces with violence and death in opposition with love and life. As a consequence of indifference, he kills a man. Meursault kills a man and is brought to trial for his crimes. But in fact he is not tried for murder but rather he is tried for his virtues. Here Camus shows how many people fear the absurd, and refuse point blank to confront it at all. Instead they make compromises with it, grant it importance and supernatural meaning, and live for it. The result is lives built on fraud and hypocrisy. The ordinary man, the man of certainty, can only threaten their authority. His very existence may force them to see through themselves. It is for this that they condemn Meursault to death. Once again, his indifference.

Faced with death by the guillotine, Meursault is forced to confront death, his own death. Through the desperation and shock, he discovers absurdity, the certainty of death, the meaninglessness of it and the unimportance. All this has been understood in Meursault. Now he is aware. Now Meursault is on the edge of freedom. True freedom. The invasion into his prison cell by the chaplain hastens Meursault's triumph of total freedom. By the time the chaplain enters, Meursault has faced death and is now aware of its inevitability and of its meaninglessness. In the face of the chaplain's attempt to push on Meursault his God, his guilt and his hypocrisy, Meursault finally revolts against the chaplain, against hypocrisy, against death. In an instant, "all thoughts that had been simmering in my brain" explode into consciousness and Meursault is finally aware. At last fully conscious of himself, of death and of his life. Meursault can fully measure the values present at every moment of life. Time, always the present to him, now in awareness becomes an amazing present, rich in beauty, friendship, and love. He feels the "absurd" and at the same time his innocence. Knowing now the indifference of the universe, facing death full of love of life, full of the joy of knowing that he had been happy and is happy still.

Meursault understands that the guillotine provides his ultimate explanation; for only in death does man really accomplish his human destiny. If we consider The Outsider a parable, its lesson is clear cling passionately to life as the only real positive value existing in a form we can identify. As soon as we rebel and go against the absurd, we become in full control of the life here and now, that it is ours and that is the only thing we have. It is a "gospel of happiness." The revolt against the absurd so central to Camus' theory of freedom and life is no impossible struggle. Camus' revolution seeks no reward, no hope, but to prove the greatness of humanity.

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Inevitable destiny

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Destiny is preordained; an inevitable course of events that are beyond human power or control. In the novels, Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton and Their Eye Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, destiny has laid out Ethan and Janie's lives. Even though destiny's events are inevitable, there are different outcomes depending on the person. Ethan is a man afraid to change anything in his life, whereas, Janie fights against destiny not wanting her life to remain as it is. Paths have been set out for Ethan Frome and Janie Crawford; whether they choose to go on a certain path is up to them; some paths that destiny had presented are loneliness, love, and imprisonment.

The path of loneliness is one of the paths presented to both Ethan and Janie by destiny. Ethan journeys on the paths of loneliness throughout most of the novel. "After the mortal silence of his long imprisonment Zeena's volubility was music in her ears" (Wharton 6). While Ethan's mother gets sick, she begins to keep to herself so he ends up having no one to talk to. He is alone even with his mother by his side. He wants a companion who would get rid of the loneliness. Zeena, at first, is a lively girl, similar to Mattie. He is not in love with Zeena, but when she is about to leave after his mother's funeral, he knows that he is going to be left alone. He needs someone in his life; it does not matter who it is, just as long as it keeps the loneliness away. "He was seized with an unreasoning dread of being left alone on the farm" (Wharton 64). Loneliness is what he wanted to get rid of. At first, he finds something in Zeena that makes him think that she is the one that will keep it away. The dread of being left alone during the long winter makes him go for the first thing that keeps him happy. In the end, marrying Zeena leads him to the loneliness he tries to avoid. She becomes "stricken" just like Ethan's mother quiet and reserve. Destiny tries to get Janie onto the path and succeeds. "…Everybody got pointed out there wasn't nobody left except a real dark little girl with long hair…" (Hurston ). This quote is of Janie as a child, after she takes a picture with the white people that her grandmother cares for. She does not know that she is colored. In the picture that is taken, she is the only one that looks different. When someone looks at that the picture, they can notice that she is not part the family. She looks different because she is too light skinned and she does not fit in with the white folk because she is too dark. "So it was just a great expanse of black mud" (Hurston 11). Her first husband does not care about her or love her. She has no connection with him and does not find the companionship that she wants to have. First, she thinks that Jody is her escape from the life with Logan but as soon as he gains power, she has no one. He only wants her as an ornament. Then Teacake comes along and she finds that he is the one that will fill the emptiness in her life. But he is taken away by the hands of death. After Teacake dies, the place she lives in is just an empty space. She does not have the company of her love. In the end, she is not completely alone, she has her best friend, but Phoebe can not fill up the space that is missing.

They were destined to find love one way or another; whether it was obtainable was up to them. "For the first time they would be alone together indoors, and they would sit there, one on each side of the stove, like a married couple, he in his stocking feet and smoking his pipe, she laughing and talking in that funny way she had, which was always as new to him as if her had never heard her before" (Wharton 6). Zeena has left the house, leaving Mattie and Ethan alone. Ethan dreams of what it can be like to be with Mattie, alone, like a married couple. They end up not doing anything they want to do because everything that they do reminds them of Zeena. "They had never before allowed their inclination so openly and Ethan for a moment had the illusion that he was a free man, wooing the girl he meant to marry" (Wharton 140). Because of Zeena, Ethan is not able to do anything. At the moment he has nothing lose but Mattie. He has wished nothing but to be with Mattie. While he is spending the last moments with her, he feels like he is courting Mattie. He has been in love with Mattie for quite some time. He takes a chance and makes little pit stops to spend more time with her. He is stuck with Zeena because he is obligated to her. He has a responsibility to take care of Zeena. Knowing this, Ethan and Mattie decide to kill themselves, so that they can stay together in death, but it did not turn out the way they want it to turn out. Now he lives with two old, grumpy women. Throughout Janie's life, she tries to find true love and she finally does through Teacake. "That was the beginning of things" (Hurston 107). Her life with Teacake was a new start. She experiences things that she has never done with anyone else. "He done taught me maiden language all over" (Hurston 115). She forgets the maiden language while she is with Jody but being with Teacake taught her how to speak it again. "He looked like the love thoughts of women. He could be a bee to a blossom…" (Hurston 106). She is physically attracted to Teacake. He is everything she wants in a man. He is like the perfect man for women.

Whatever lies ahead of Ethan and Janie leads to the path of imprisonment. Ethan has never escaped from his life in Starkfield. "He feels as if he is a prisoner for life, and now his one ray of light was to be extinguished" (Wharton 14). Zeena and his family are what imprisoned him long ago. His escape is with Mattie but he knows that no matter what, he cannot escape from Starkfield. "Ethan usually believes that the sprits of the graveyard seem to call out to him 'we never got away how could you?'" (Wharton 50). People before him have tried to get away but they are not able to. It is his destiny to live the rest of his life in Starkfield with Mattie and Zeena. Janie did not just sit down and let herself be imprisoned in her own world, she wants to walk outside and experience life to the fullest. "Janie did what she had never done before, that is, trust herself into the conversation" (Hurston 70). Jody never lets her talk in any of the town folk's conversation. So when she has a chance, she takes it and talks to her hearts content. She does not just sit down and let herself be ruled she wanted to do something so she did. "Thank yuh fuh yo' compliments, but mah wife don't kno nothin' 'bout no speech makin'… Ah never married her for nothin' lak dat. She's uh woman and her place is in de home" Hurston (40-41). Jody tells everyone that she is just a pretty piece of ornament and that her place is only at the home with the chickens. He tries to control her but in the end she is free of him. He imprisoned her for his own ambition.

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Destiny has put Ethan Frome and Janie Crawford on the paths of loneliness, love, and imprisonment. They have been through many trials. In the end, Ethan tries to fight off destiny but destiny has it in for him. He is destined to live in Starkfield with two old women. Janie has always fought off what is destined for her, but destiny is inevitable. Destiny cannot be beat, it is the one thing that is set forth and whether someone fights it will never change. Please note that this sample paper on inevitable destiny is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on inevitable destiny, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on inevitable destiny will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Themes in romeo and Juliet

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ROMEO AND THE THEMES WITHIN THE PLAY

Being the main character, plot wise in the play, Romeo goes through many true to life emotions during the play but also in an effort by Shakespeare to enhance the plot Romeos actions sometimes seem somewhat un-realistic.

Romeos judgement concerning major decisions in the play are rash to say the least, but can the tragic eventualities which conclude the play be blamed totally on the love-stricken boy?

Romeo begins the play very dispirited and down this is due the fact that he has found out that there would be no chance of the love-of-his-life Rosaline ever getting together with him. When you take into account that the two have never in-fact indulged in conversation it already, even so early in the play, gives you an idea of the mindset of Romeo.

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In a deluded attempt to re-vitalise Romeos spirit his friends decide to take him to a party at his familys arch enemy, the Capulets house. This is where Romeo falls in love with Juliet but in fact also where Juliet falls in love with Romeo.

Can two strangers really, fall in love at first sight? Well this brings up a whole new question, What is love? To me love is the idea when two people want to be together for the rest of their lives and if it came to it would even sacrifice their own place on the earth for their lover, which as we all know was the case for these two star crossed lovers. The play boasts a number of different aspects of love which I feel Shakespeare has purposely done to give the idea of contrast between the love of Romeo and Juliet and for example the love based on sexual pleasure that Samson, Gregory and the Nurse talk so often about. On many occasions the nurse and Juliet's mother tell Juliet that Paris would be the right choice for her even though the two have never spoken let alone exchanged feelings of love. This is a different type of love, this is a love all about social standings.

No matter how deep the love for the two and how happy her daughter would be, Lady Capulet would never give her consent to the marriage of Juliet to Romeo. Lady Capulet would want Juliet to marry someone high up in the social hierarchy and with Paris being a prince, there is no better person [in Juliet's parents mind] for Juliet to marry. I do not believe that love-at-first-sight is an example of true love, its an example of two people being instantly attracted to each other therefore I feel that on the night they met they didn't fall in love, this came later on in the play.

Upon meeting and not knowing of each others family alliances the two flirt for a few minutes with Romeo continuously using metaphors of kissing to try and persuade, where he succeeds, in getting Juliet to accept a kiss. Talking to the nurse after leaving Romeo, Juliet confesses, If he be married, my grave is likely to be my wedding bed. Juliet means that is she could not marry him she would rather be dead! This makes you believe that like Romeo, Juliet is indeed quite immature and after only one meeting is rushing into plans for the future. So I feel upon first sight of each other Romeo and Juliet do not fall in love at all, I believe it is an childish infatuation on both parts but love does flourish between the two as the play goes on.

One of the reasons I feel the two bond so quickly especially after finding out what family there new found lover is from, is the feeling of danger. The two are extremely excited about doing something they are not supposed two especially Juliet, who towards the end of the play becomes very rebellious towards her family.

Fate is an idea which might explain the tragic events in the play. It is obvious Shakespeare meant fate to be a prominent idea in the play because at the beginning he describes Romeo and Juliet as star-crossed-lovers. Fate is whenmatter what you do and know matter how you behave, your life has already been set out for you by someone higher. It is a very appropriate idea when trying to explain why the eventualities actually end up occurring in the play. There can't be much chance of all the sour twists and turns happening in life, so it must mean that the two were either unlucky, or fate had already set them on a doomed path.

This quote refers to the idea of ones future fate being planned out by the lining of the stars, so was Romeo and Juliets fate planned out before the two set eyes upon each other? I feel that this isn't the reason why the plays ending is so tragic, in my opinion the reason is, the choices of Romeo and Juliet tied with the bad advice from Friar Lawrence.

Romeo and Juliet's choices are, in fact what makes their deaths so tragic. Being an impulsive character Romeo is prone to being influenced wrongly in making serious decisions. Friar Lawrence on more than one occasion foolishly advises Romeo to act in a certain way. He rightly, for a man in his position, advises Romeo not to marry Juliet but in the end is talked around by Romeo and he goes forward in endorsing the marriage even though he must have known that the act would have dire consequences.

The play must be put into historical context to be analysed properly. Many people reading the play nowadays are left asking the question, why do they feel they have to rush into marriage? In the days that the play was set marriage was the only option for couples like Romeo and Juliet. It wasn't deemed appropriate for two people to be courting, living together and having sexual relationships while they were still not married. I do feel that Romeo does indeed love Juliet but I feel love evolved from the feeling of infatuation, Romeo matured a lot due to the adverse circumstances that fell upon him during the course of the play.

Hate is a word that is used very flippantly nowadays, but hate is a very strong and deep word and its power is often underestimated. I feel that the relationship between the Montague's and Capulet's is one of hate, but only on principle. Maybe the generations that began the rivalry might have actually hated each other but I feel that the generation that Romeo and Juliet were born into feel that they have to hate each other for pride even though people actually died due to the rivalry. This is proven because if the Capulet's did actually hate the Montague's then there would be no way one of the two could even contemplate having a relationship together.

Please note that this sample paper on Themes in romeo and Juliet is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Themes in romeo and Juliet, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Themes in romeo and Juliet will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Crichton's Dino's

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There have been many interesting novels written by twentieth century American writers. Many of them have interesting elements from science-fiction. The favorable elements of Jurassic Park are the author's life, the story the novel tells, and the criticism behind it.

The author of Jurassic Park, Michael Crichton, has an interesting background. He was born on October , 14 in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Roslyn High School, where he was a star basketball player with an amazing height of six feet and seven inches. After high school, Crichton attended Harvard to become a writer. Then, he decided that the Harvard English Department was too hard for him, so he switched his major to anthropology. He paid his way through school by writing thrillers under different ghost writer names. He was married four different times. He married Joan Radam in 165 and divorced her in 170. Then, he married Kathleen St.Johns in 178 and divorces her in 180. Later, he married Suzanne Childs and that marriage didn't work our either. Finally, he married Anne-Marie Martin in 187 and they are still married today. He has also won many awards including the 168 Edgar Award and the Mystery Writers of America Award. In 170, he won the Writer of the Year Award and the Association of American Medical Writers Award. Also, he won an Emmy, a Peabody, and a Writers Guild of America Award for the television show, ER (DISCovering Authors). Crichton has accomplished many goals in his short life.

The story of Jurassic Park is the most interesting element of the entire novel. The story is about a wealthy industrialist, John Hammond, who has a vision to use biotechnology to create the ultimate theme park. He buys a misty island off the coast of Puerto Rico called Isla Nublar, meaning "cloudy island." ("Gene Genies") He hires a well-trained team of geneticists who succeed in isolating dinosaur DNA from prehistoric mosquitoes trapped in amber. The investors believe that the park is unsafe, so Hammond must convince them it is safe by getting the approval of a hand picked team of specialists in this field. He invites them for a weekend in the park that they will never forget. Among these is Alan Grant, a paleontologist, Ellie Sattler, a botanist, Alex and Tim, his grandchildren, Donald Gennaro, a lawyer, and Ian Malcolm, the mathematician who foreshadows the outcome of the park with his theories of chaos and nonlinear equations. While these guests are on the tour, the computers break down due to industrial espionage, and the dinosaurs begin to take control of the park. The two most deadly and most terrifying dinosaurs that get loose are the tyrannosaurus rex and the velociraptors. The story continues on with killing, violence and more brilliant plans that all eventually fail. Then, of course, the eleven year old genius saves the day and fixes the adults mistakes (DISCovering Authors). Jurassic Park is a science-fiction thriller with twists, turns and, of course, violence.

Crichton writes this novel against scientific greed and arrogance. He uses a long list of disasters to complete a scientific thriller with violent death, cute kids, throat-clutching suspense and a race against time (Gene Genies). The scientific greed he uses is when Hammond and his team of geneticists try to bring back an extinct animal; the arrogance Crichton uses is when Hammond thinks that the animals are not as smart as he is. Hammond doesn't give the dinosaurs as much respect as he should and this leads to the downfall of Jurassic Park. Crichton's violent death in the story is all too gruesome for words. In one scene, he has the Tyrannosaurus Rex pounce on Gennaro, the lawyer and literally tears him apart limb by limb. Crichton also adds a little bit of cuteness through Hammond's grandchildren, Tim and Alex. The entire novel is full of throat-clutching suspense because of the race against time. During the story, Grant, Tim and Alex must get out of the park and back to the lodge before Ellie and Hammond turn all the power to park back on. This provides an exciting and suspenseful race against time.

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Jurassic Park's combination of popular novel and scientific populism has drawbacks such as sketchy characterization, careless writing and a certain lightweight effect (Gene Genies). Crichton does a good job of putting this novel together but he gets a little careless in some of the aspects of this novel. First, Crichton has some sketchy characterization. He leaves a little too much to the imagination. He doesn't give enough information about some of his characters and the readers are left puzzled. Second, he has some careless writing. In some scenes in the novel, he didn't describe enough of what was happening and left the reader's asking questions and not fully understanding what was going on. Last, Jurassic Park had a lightweight effect on its reader's. Despite these few problems, Crichton still has good intentions.

Crichton intends to show how the mysterious, unpredictable and scientific world of genetic engineering is very confusing and will only result in disaster. It may seem odd for the reader to encounter recombinant DNA, chaos theory, fractural geometry, dynamics and something tomography, but Crichton is good at putting all those ingredients together (Pterrified…). Not many of Crichton's readers have heard of recombinant DNA, which is when the nitrogen base uracil takes the place of thymine. Another demerit to the novel is the chaos theory. Not many people can just describe the chaos theory off the top of their head. The other confusing parts of the novel are fractural geometry, dynamics and tomography. By using all theses theories, mathematics, and other scientific methods, Crichton shows us how science has become the servant of big business ("Pterrified…"). All of these help make this novel confusing to a large majority of its readers.

. The most important touch to the entire story lies behind why the eccentric tycoon is buying up all the amber in the world. The scientists on the island take mosquitoes out of this amber and recover long lost dinosaur DNA. These money-mad scientists intend to create an island park containing these creations. Tourists will pay for everything from tours, to admission, to rides, to accommodations and even miniature dinosaurs to take home as pets. It seems sort of foolish to go to all that effort, genius, and investment just for entertainment

The cast of Jurassic Park is alright, but very typical and not very imaginative. John Hammond is portrayed as a money-hungry rich man, who goes through a lot of trouble to build a huge amusement park. Alan Grant is the protagonist hero in the story. He is a paleontologist who gets grants from Hammond to keep excavating on his site in Montana. Ellie Sattler is Grant's assistant, who works with prehistoric plants. Ian Malcolm is a young mathematician, who foreshadows the end of the story by giving his theories of chaos. Hammond totally despises Malcolm because Malcolm constantly criticizes his work. Dennis Nedry is a sleazy industrial spy, who wrecks the computer system just so that he can deliver some embryos for a large profit. Donald Gennaro is a cowardly lawyer, who abandons the helpless children and eventually is eaten. Last, there is the inevitable eleven year old genius, who can run the most sophisticated computer in the world in just a few minutes. The story line is very good, but I am still unable to grasp why society would have to go to such extreme measures for entertainment.

There are many great novels written by twentieth century writers. Some of these are love stories and fictional biographies, while others are science-fiction. One of these is Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton, which shows scientific greed mixed with popular novel and scientific populism. It has become a very big hit and has had two sequels to it. The reason Jurassic Park is such a big hit is due to its author, the story it tells and the criticism behind it.

Please note that this sample paper on Crichton's Dino's is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Crichton's Dino's, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Crichton's Dino's will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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MotorolaGetting Back To #1

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The company we now know as Motorola was founded in 18 and known then as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation. Over their 75-year history, but especially in more recent years, the company's strategic planning and market performance has been severely impacted as a result from both internal challenges and external factors in the wireless industry. Motorola was once the market leader in wireless technology but quickly lost that distinction once competition started becoming fierce.

Since being appointed as Motorola's Chief Executive Officer in January 17, Christopher B. Galvin (grandson of the founder, Paul V. Galvin) was plagued with problems. Many have said that one of his biggest challenges was his hands-off style of management. He delegated to and put his trust in his executives to execute smartly, much like his father did, while he focused on vision and strategy. (Crockett, 001) He sat back while costs went unmanaged and promises to customers were consistently broken. 'Motorola has technical prowess, but it is hopeless in addressing customer needs. It has grown into a big dinosaur, says Choi Dong June, marketing director for Korea's Appeal Telecom. During the spring of 001, SBC Communications Inc. was forced to pull ads featuring one of Motorolas inexpensive phones because the company didnt deliver them on time. 'Our demand for Motorola phones was soured because they were late getting the phones to market, said Frank C. Boyer, a vice president at Cingular Wireless, who subsequently went on to partner with BellSouth Corp. (Crockett, 001)

While competitors like Nokia, Intel, and Qualcomm were moving in fast-forward with innovative technology in everything from cell phones to microprocessors, Galvin sat back and moved slowly, methodically, and, some would say, indecisively, loosing money, market share, and employee confidence. Where competitors made educated decisions within days, if not hours; Galvin took months and sometimes years. James E. Schrager, clinical professor of entrepreneurship and strategy at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business once said, 'From 17 until now [May 000], he has made every wrong bet. His radar screen is so bad.

In May of 000, Galvin had begun to make many organizational changes to the company that would hopefully get them back on track. But was it too late? At that time, most of the company's top executives were family friends. Galvin had to change the company's culture, but in order to do that he had to terminate most of the top-level executives whom had been with Motorola for most of their careers. The only executives he kept had less than three years experience with Motorola. He also terminated the lowest performing 10% of managers. Unfortunately, this also meant layoffs for many of their manufacturing and warehouse workforce as well.

Due to the fact that the current executives had not been innovative thinkers, the company had fallen severely behind with their technology. They were not listening to their customers' needs and missed the largest innovative change in the cell phone transition, going digital. Galvin finally realized they needed to fix their internal issues first. The first of many steps they needed to make was to start listening to their customers.

During Motorola's transitioning, there was a real need to make changes in budgets and operating structure. Despite the organizational changes and corporate epiphany that had taken place, Motorola had posted $5.8 billion in losses for 001 (Crockett, 00). They had to start planning to reduce costs while making huge strides in their technology. They also had to develop new products at a rapid rate. One way Motorola had lowered its costs was to simplify their product development. In the past, Motorola had quite a number of teams developing different types of phones. These teams were all using different components, which made it a very confusing for manufacturing and a costly expense for the company. Motorola began by eliminating many of their cell phone models, thereby reducing the number of different resources they needed. 'Now we have a systematic product plan that reuses common parts, Galvin said. This move enabled Motorola to reduce their manufacturing expenses, operate in the way Galvin had envisioned, and show an increase their profits.

There have also been many external factors that have led Motorola to constantly adapt and reform. The economy has been a huge factor for the wireless industry. If the economy is down, consumers are less likely to invest in 'higher risk companies or purchase 'luxury items. Throughout the past few years, Motorola has been constantly developing new products that are not getting any attention. People have lost the desire to buy hand phones or they opting to buy phones that are less expensive. In addition, the financial community has listed Motorola stock as 'low earning which has scared off many investors. These two external factors have contributed to more employee layoffs. Even competitors like Nokia, Ericcson, and Alegre are experiencing a downward trend leading to layoffs within their respective organizations.

According to the Third Quarter financials (00), Sales fell % to $1.04 billion due, in part, to weak market conditions; Net Income totaled $404 million versus a loss of $.66 billion. This was affected by the decrease in reorganization expenses. Motorola's stock has been on a steady incline (ª 44%) over the past year when it reached a 5-week low of $7.50. However, it has not performed as well as expected when the stock split 1 in June of 000 after achieving an impressive $60+ a share in February of 000. Current value of Motorola stock at the end of business today was $1.40.

Motorola is a global organization that is impacted by international issues. There have been tough times in China due to SARS and inventory build-up. However, this is not the only reason international sales are down for Motorola. Companies like Nokia and Samsung are flooding the market with new products with better features. Motorola is still playing catch up to their competition in the area of technology. Although doing better in recent years, they are still not on the leading edge like they once were. Motorola is positioning itself to stay ahead of the game in China by focusing on Manufacturing and R&D. They also plan to expand their semiconductor production, broadband equipment, and digital communication systems. Motorola has plans to partner with competitors by selling chips for cell phones to TCL and Eastcom. 'Bear Stearns estimates that since the mid-0s, Motorolas market share in handsets has slipped from about 50% to 0% in the U.S. and from more than 0% to less than 10% in Europe. In the context of those setbacks, China is the gamble Motorola has to win(Einhorn).

(00). Yahoo Finance!yahoo.com. keyword MOT. Retrieved October 1, 00, Oct.1,00

Crockett, R. O. (001, July 16). Motorola Can Chris Galvin save his familys legacy? BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved October 17, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/01_/b741001.htm?mz

Crockett, R. O. (001, May 8). Motorolas Galvin shakes things up -- again. Can his latest overhaul revive its standing in the wireless biz? BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved October 17, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/01_/b74077.htm?mz

Crockett, R. O. (00, September 5). Motorola needs a revolutionary. BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved October 17, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/technology/content/sep00/tc0005_011_tc078.htm?tc

Einhorn, B. Roberts, D. & Crocket, R. O. (00, January 7). Winning in China. BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved October 1, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/0_04/b817010.htm?tcc

Reinhardt, A. & Crockett, R. O. (00, April 14). Can Mike Z work more magic at Motorola? Business Week Online. Retrieved October 17, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/0_15/b88060_mz06.htm?tct

Reinhardt, A. & Crockett, R. O. (00, July 8). Motorola A shot of adrenaline. BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved October 1, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/0_0/b84057.htm?tc

Rosenbush, S. Crockett, R. O., Palmeri, C. & Burrows, P. (00, October 0). A wireless world. BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved October 17, 00, http//www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/0_4/b854611.htm?mz

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Impact of Diversity on Group Dynamics & Effectiveness

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Impact of Diversity on a Group

Diversity is omnipresent. Our group is comprised of five members and within this small group diversity is clearly visible. We have members of both sexes, ages varies from to 8 years. Experience varies from nil to 7 years. We have people from India and Nepal and within India as varied as people from Jammu, Punjab, UP and Delhi. These all add up to a group diverse in gender, age, ethnicity, skills, values, personality and occupation.

In our group we feel that the following are the four most important factors which have contributed to the diversity in our group

1. Ethnicity

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. Personality traits

. Occupation

4. Value and attitude differences

Ethnicity

Ethnicity relates to the values that are handed down to us from our previous generations. It talks of the values that define us as a person, our beliefs, our background, our roots. These are definitive in the way we think and form our opinions

Considering the base culture that our group is from and the common global values of accepting cultural diversity there is a positive vibe because of the variation in our ethnicity. The difference in each ones cultural up bringing enhances the diversity. At the same time the inherent curiosity about different cultures and regions works as a building and binding force which brings the group together. We have a chance to learn more about each others' culture, their dress codes (despite its generalizations and westernization in modern society), their different food habits, languages, festivals, beliefs etc.

A typical example is that we have individuals from Delhi and Punjab. Generically speaking, people from these areas are boisterous and aggressive. These traits are visible in these people. We have another individual from Kanpur, UP and inherently people from these are mild mannered which is visible in this individual. Nepalese people are perceived to be extroverts but at the same time they are not aggressive. This is very much visible in the individual we have in our group.

While ethnicity can be a binding and building force, it has a strong potential of being a destructive fore as well. The presence of an anti-Semite in a group having a couple of Jews can be destructive to the group. This will hinder the functionality, working and progress of a group.

Personality Traits

Personality is defined as the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. A personality train on the other hand is defined as enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior. There have been as many as 17,5 (and counting) various traits in an individual. This in itself in enough to portray the wide diversity that a group can experience on account of personality traits. Some common traits that add to the diversity in a group are extrovert vs. introvert, relaxed vs. tensed, group dependent vs. self sufficient, practical vs. imaginative, self esteem, self motivation etc.

Within our group consider our task today; it is to evaluate the impact of diversity on a group and the determinants of it. From a given list of 1 factors we were asked to choose four most critical ones. The variation of personality traits impacts how these choices are made; how a consensus is arrived at. An introvert person, while having good opinions, may not step forward and have his opinion heard. Contrasting to that is an extrovert person who not only has his opinions heard but also accepted by the group. Similar line of thought also applies to submissive vs. dominant persons. A submissive person with valid and valuable inputs will forego his opinion to a dominant.

In a group, we expect all persons to contribute equally as far as possible. But in a given group, if a person works more than the other, gives more inputs that the other, gives more quality work that another; such variations because of personality traits can negatively impact the group dynamics and harmonics.

Values and Attitude Differences

Values are basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode. Attitudes are evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people or events.

Difference in values and attitudes impact the choices we make and how we behave. To take a current example, while making the choices for the four most critical factors impacting the group effectiveness, we each different four choices. While there was some over lap, but the variation was high. This is a classical example of how values and attitude differences can create a negative impact on the group. Given similar values and attitudes, we would more or less have chosen similar four factors and saved time on the ensuing discussions.

The experiences we gather and take back from this exercise molds our impressions and hence our attitudes to our group members. This will in turn reflect in our future interactions within this group. This can have positive and negative impacts.

Occupation

Occupation relates to the individual's work. This bears an impact on the group since people with different occupational background bring to the table varied experience and hence different values, attitudes perceptions etc.

While there is only one working person in our group, that individual brings a different dimension to the discussion and debate within the group. Some of the team members felt that age and sex are critical factors in effective group functionality. But the alternate view that was put forward was that we expect and anticipate such variations and are to a certain extent ready for it. At the same time there are some factors which are not o absolute an age and sex and hence bring more uncertainty to the environment.

Summary

To summarize, we see a large amount of diversity in our group through a multitude of facets. These have the capability of either bringing the group together so that we work as a single unit or break us apart. The factors that can exert this enormous influence on the group are many, but we have tried to illustrate with examples from within the working of our group the four most critical ones viz. ethnicity, personality traits, occupation and value & attitude differences

Please note that this sample paper on Impact of Diversity on Group Dynamics & Effectiveness is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Impact of Diversity on Group Dynamics & Effectiveness, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Impact of Diversity on Group Dynamics & Effectiveness will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Car sector in china

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on car sector in china. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality car sector in china paper right on time.

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The car sector within China automobile industry is taken as an infant

sector and, as such, it has always been subject to protection against

imports by means of the highest import tariff rate. On several

occasions in recent years, China has made readjustments to tariff

Help with essay on car sector in china

rates. The import duty has been reduced to 80% for complete cars with

a displacement of three liters or less and 100% for those with a

displacement of three liters or more. This is higher than for all

other imported industrial goods.

The tariff rates for car parts and accessories, however, are lower

than for complete cars 40-50% for engines, gear boxes, driving axles,

vibration reducers, clutches and breaks, % for tires, and 1-5% for

electronic devices used in cars. To encourage domestication of car

building, the state is practicing a string of preferential tariffs.

Entitled to these preferential tariffs are imported parts and

accessories by enterprises producing complete cars provided they meet

the domestication standards prescribed by the state.

Going hand-in-hand with protection by high tariff rates are non-tariff

restrictions on import of automobile products under the import quota

and licensing system. It is true that import quotas are playing a less

important role in restricting automobile import as domestically built

vehicles have become increasingly cheap and their prices on the

domestic market are now closer to international prices. Despite that,

a comparison between the marketing prices of imported goods and their

normal tax-included prices (prices that include the custom duty, VAT

and consumption tax on them) brings to light that the non-barrier duty

equivalents practiced under the quota systems will still be as high as

10%-0%. Restrictions by the quota system will be even more

significant on the import of medium- and high-class cars with a

displacement of liters or more.

Since the beginning of the 10s, the annual national automobile sales

has grown at an average rate of 14.5%, and corresponding rate of

increase is as high as 1% for sales of cars. In other countries and

regions, the number of automobiles in the population possession will

increase rapidly when the annual GDP of a country or region reaches

US$4,000 per capita (at purchasing power parity). By then, the

elasticity index of per capita possession of cars relative to economic

growth up will have risen from 1.7-1.8 to .6-.7. According to recent

studies (e.g. Maddison, 18; Ren, 17), China GDP, calculated at

purchasing power parity, is close to US$,000, suggesting that

beginning 004, the domestic demand for car will grow even more

rapidly than now. Our own computation indicates that by 010, cars

owned by the Chinese population will average 47 per 1,000 people, and

corresponding figure for automobiles will be 17 per 1,000 people. Both

figures will match those for Japan in the mid-160s and those for the

Republic of Korea and Taiwan in the 180s. Basing ourselves on this

computation, we are expecting a potential national demand for 5.8

million automobiles and million cars in 005, and 10 million

automobiles and no less than 4 million cars by 010.

In the first place, the domestic automobile market is isolated from

the international automobile market because of the high tariff rates

imposed by the state. And as a result, Chinese automobile enterprises

are almost free from the pressure of international competition. At

present, the domestic selling prices for imported cars that include

import custom duties, import-linked VAT and consumption tax are

.-.5 times their CIF (cost, insurance and freight). Besides,

automobile imports are subject to restrictions of import quotas,

import licensing and other non-tariff measures. As a result of so

great a protection against imports, cars imported through normal

channels are bound to suffer from limited competition capability in

light of the cost of production and selling prices for domestically

built cars. As a matter of fact, automobile imports have continuously

declined in recent years, to less than 40,000 vehicles in 18, and

imports of cars, to less than 0,000. The share of the Chinese market

was imported automobiles was 18.5% in 1 and, by 18, it had

dropped to .5%; and the share for imported cars, from 61.1% to .5%.

Moreover, deductions in tariff rates in recent years have failed to

push up imports. It is therefore clear that as long as China continues

to practice the current tariff rates and import quota system, cars

imported through normal channels will be no challenge to domestically

built cars. What also merits attention are the various protection

measures taken by local governments, which lead to partition of the

domestic market and inadequate competition between domestic producers.

The automobile industry does have certain barriers against entry

because of its scale economic feature. The state, on its part, has,

through policy measures, imposed restrictions on the number of

automobile projects to be started. All the factors cited above

invariably result in a market structure with a certain degree of

monopoly as a most striking feature. And finally, competition on the

domestic automobile market is also subject to state restrictions,

e.g., by valorizing automobiles to restrict price competition.

The 1 car manufacturers operating in 18 produced 510,000 vehicles

altogether averaging less than 40,000 by each. For the largest, the

Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd., the output was a mere

0,000. About 0 car manufacturers are operating in China, but

factories producing cars may number about 0, including some that are

not licensed for car manufacture.

Again the car sector. The sector has a total production capacity of

more than 1 million vehicles but the effective market demand is

computed at no more than 500,000. The volume of car sales, which is

limited, has become a serious handicap to car production, as it leads

to idle production capacity and excessively high fixed cost of

production apportioned to cars produced. Further deductions of tariff

rates on imported cars may cause prices to drop on the domestic

market. This, in turn, helps boost the market demand for cars. The end

result will be lower cost for domestic manufacture of car and greater

competitiveness of the domestic automobile industry.

The domestic automobile industry falls far below the best

international standards for batch quantity of production, prices of

products and technological level, hence its inability to take part in

international competition in an all-round way. The current protection,

however, can in no way help the industry achieve scale production,

enhance its efficiency, improve its technological level and reduce the

cost of its production and operation. Weak market demand and imperfect

competition are the main reason for problems the domestic automobile

industry faces low level of production concentration, limited size of

individual enterprises, low efficiency, inadequate competitive power,

etc. Because of this, a constantly expanding demand and increasing

competition are what the domestic automobile industry inevitably

requires in seeking development. China WTO entry will be conducive to

effort to expand the domestic automobile market and enhance the

domestic automobile industry competitive power. In view of this, the

government, while striving for entry of the global trade organization,

should make positive efforts to foster the market. That means

establishing a kind of highly efficient, pro-competition market

mechanisms, and using market means and competition to promote the

merger and re-organization of the existing car manufacturers. And in

the process, those technologically backward and poor in efficiency

will be eliminated and manufacturers in general will be forced to

improve their management and efficiency. In short, within the short

protection period allowed to China in the wake of its WTO entry, the

Government should see to it that the domestic automobile industry will

rapidly enhance its competitive power.

Please note that this sample paper on car sector in china is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on car sector in china, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on car sector in china will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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